Title: Clauses
1Clauses Sentence Types
(What your parents never taught you about the
Clauses.)
2INDEPENDENT CLAUSES
- a group of words that has a subject and verb that
expresses a complete thought - DOES make sense by itself
- ?think of what the word Independent stands
for - it can be all by itself
Examples He cannot believe the news.
The dog barks loudly.
It starts every day.
3DEPENDENT CLAUSES
- does NOT make sense by itself (Sentence
fragments) - a group of words that joins with an independent
clause to create a complete thought - think of depending - it reminds you that it
needs to lean on or depend on something else to
fully work - ALWAYS begin with a subordinating conjunction OR
a relative pronoun
Examples Because she was hungry. Who is
very pretty. Which I rescued from the
shelter.
4DEPENDENT CLAUSES
- SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS - joins or connects a
clause for more information (MUST have a S/V
after it!) - After, since, before, while, because, although,
so that, if, when, whenever, as, even though,
until, unless, etc. - RELATIVE PRONOUNS - introduces clauses that
RELATE additional information about a noun - That, which, whom, who, whose, etc.
Examples Because she was hungry. Before
we go out tonight.
Examples Who is very pretty. Which has the
biggest pool ever!
5NOW, YOU TRY
- She cannot understand that I need to study three
hours for a test. - The dog barks loudly when any cars drive by the
house. - My best friend, who is very kind and nice to me,
lives next door.
6TYPES OF DEPENDENT CLAUSES
- ADJECTIVE CLAUSE - a subordinate clause that
modifies a noun or pronoun
Example The flag, which was created in
1847, is striped. (The underlined information
is a clause that describes flag- a noun.)
7TYPES OF DEPENDENT CLAUSES
- ADVERB CLAUSE - a subordinate clause that
modifies a verb, adjective or adverb - answers where, when, why, in what way, to what
extent, under what condition
Example We saluted because the flag had
been raised. (The underlined information
is a clause that describes saluted- a verb.)
8TYPES OF DEPENDENT CLAUSES
- NOUN CLAUSE - a subordinate clause that acts as a
noun - often begin with the words that, which, who,
whom, whose, what, whatever
- Example
- She could not describe which Scandinavian flag
was her favorite. - (The underlined clause acts as a
noun for the sentence.)
9Standing on a ladder, I slipped and broke a
window.
Article (2), common nouns (2), nominative
pronoun, action verb (2), coordinating
conjunction, preposition participle
Use your WHITE notes!
10Standing on a ladder, I slipped and broke a
window.
Use your BLUE notes!
Subject, transitive verb, intransitive verb,
direct object, participle phrase, object of
participle phrase
11Standing on a ladder, I slipped and broke a
window.
Use your PINK notes!
Underline any INDEPENDENT CLAUSES Underline
DEPENDENT CLAUSES twice and identify if it is an
adverb dependent, adjective dependent, or noun
dependent.
12The four guys, who worked hard to finish their
project, received extra credit.
Underline any INDEPENDENT CLAUSES Underline
DEPENDENT CLAUSES twice and identify if it is an
adverb dependent, adjective dependent, or noun
dependent.
Use your PINK notes!
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