PalestinianIsraeli Conflict

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Palestinian-Israeli Conflict
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Terms

• Zionism
• Israeli
• Infatada
• Palestine
• Occupied Territory
• West Bank
• Gaza Stripe
• Sinai Peninsula

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About Israel

• Small nation size of New Jersey
• 90 live in urban areas
• Two main groups of Jews
• Ashkenazin (Eastern and Central Europe)
• Sephardim (Mediterranean and Middle East)
• Arab population is growing
• Some fear will out number the Jews
• Current population 6.4 million / 5.2 million Jew
• If Palestinian refugees (3.7) came back would end
  a Jews state
  
• Area lacks natural resources and water
• Introduced new technology and developed high
  industries

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Zionism

• During the late 1800s demanded for a Jewish state
  in Palestine
  
• Romans had expelled the Jews in AD 70
• 1897 organization formed by Theodor Herzl to
  promote Zionism
  
• Jews began to migrate to
• Palestine
• Asked for Britain and other
• European nations to support them

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Balfour Declaration

• A British document that supported a Jewish
  homeland in Palestine
  
• In short
• Britain favors a Jewish homeland
• Nothing shall be done to hurt the non-Jew living
  there
  
• 1930s flow of Jews
• to Palestine

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After WWII

• Britain turned things over to the United Nations
• United Nations voted to partition Palestine into
  two states
  
• One Arab (45 of the land)
• One Jewish (55 of the land)
• Arabs refused to accept the partition or to
  recognize Israel

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1948 Arab Israeli War

• Also known as the Israeli War of Independence
• Began after the declaration of the State of
  Israel on May 14, 1948
  
• Forces of Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Trans-Jordan and
  Iraq invaded Israel
  
• Israel defeated and occupied Arab territory
• Palestinian Arabs fled

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Territorial gains in the Arab-Israel War
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War of 1956

• Suez War
• Israel, Britain, and France verse Egypt
• Egypt trying to get to build Aswan Dam
• Egypt had captured the Suez Canal nationalized
  it
  
• Egypt prevents ships to pass that are coming from
  or arriving to Israel
  
• Captured the Sinai Peninsula but forced to
  withdraw (pressure from US and SU)
  
• Did in exchange for shipping rights

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War of 1967

• The Six Day War
• Strike by Israel to protect itself
• Surprise air attack lead to defeat of Egyptian
  army
  
• Israel takes Gaza Stripe and the Sinai Peninsula
  (occupied territories)
  
• Jordan and Syria attach
• Israel takes West Bank from Jordan and the Golden
  Heights from Syria
  
• occupied territories
• Strategic importance
• Israeli water source
• High grounds
• Religious sites
• Jewish settlers moved in
• Returned the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt in the Camp
  David Accords in 1978 and Gaza Strip in 2005

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1973 Yom Kippur War

• Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attach in the
  Sinai and Golden Heights
  
• Israel able to push Syria out of territory gained
  in the first week of the war
  
• United Nations call a cease-fire
• Israeli troops withdraw from the west of the
  Canal
  
• Egypt re-open canal
• Claim victory

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Reasons for the Conflict
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Israeli view

• Arab Hostility
• holy war against Israel
• Non-recognition of Israels right to exist
• Destroy Israel
• Forced to fight for self-defense
• Many Israelis believe that minorities in Israel
  are treated justly

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Palestinian view

• State based on outdated claims
• Jews lived there 1,800 yrs ago doesnt give you
  claim now
  
• International law on their side
• UN resolution allows for refugees wishing to
  return
  
• Jews arrived with the intention of taking over
  not just immigration
  
• Israeli treatment of Palestinians is unjust

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Peace Efforts
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Camp David Accords

• 1977
• Pres. Anwar el-Sadat of Egypt
• Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel
• Signed at Camp David in United States
• President Jimmy Carter
• Israelis agreed to withdraw from the Sinai
  Peninsula
  
• Egypt agreed to end state of
• war and establish peace
• with Israel
• Election to be held in
• West Bank and Gaza

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Reaction

• Mixed
• Arabs felt Egypt had deserted the Arab family
• Israelis took wait and see attitude
• President el-Sadat was assassinated
• Three unresolved
• Issues
• 1. Control of East Jerusalem
• 2. Fate of the 1.8 million
• Palestinians living
• on the West Bank
• 3. Control of the
• Golan Heights

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Intifada

• Dec 1987
• Uprising of Palestinians over the way they were
  being treated, lack of country, high
  unemployment, refugee problem etc
  
• Focused world attention
• Organization
• Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
• Dedicated to regaining Palestinian territory
• Chairmen Yasir Arafat
• Some joined radical Palestinian organizations
• Hamas and Islamic jihad
• These groups call for the destruction of Israel

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Oslo Accords

• 1993
• Hopes for peace
• Meet in secret
• Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin of Israel and PLO
  leader Yasser Arafat
  
• First time face to face
• Agreed to
• recognize each other Israelis right to exist
• PLO promised to stop attacking Israel
• Palestinian Authority would administrated the
  territory under its control they have their own
  state!
  
• Israel would withdraw its forces from parts of
  the occupied territories (Gaza Stripe and West
  Bank)
  
• Israel would allow limited self-rule in Gaza and
  Jericho
  
• Put Resolution 242 into effect

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Road Map for Peace

• Presented in Sept 2002
• Players
• Palestinian Prime Minister Mahmoud Abbas
• Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon
• United States President George W. Bush
• Called for
• End of terrorism by the Palestinians
• Palestinians must make democratic reforms
• Israel must accept Palestinian gov
• Israel must end settlement activity
• It did not address
• The fate of Jerusalem
• The boarders between the two
• Derailed
• Both side claim the other did not go through with
  their promised

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Arab Peace Initiative

• Has a final solution to the boarders
• The UN set boards back in 1967
• Recognition of Israel
• Israel must withdraw forces from the occupied
  territories
  
• Recognition of a Palestinian States with capital
  at East Jerusalem
  
• A just solution for the Palestinian refugees
• Rejected by Israel but it is up for discussion

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Peace Breaks down

• Unresolved issues
• 1. Jerusalem
• Israel had made the city its capital
• Scared to all religions
• 2. Right of Return
• Grant Palestinians who fled to return
• Many not allowed to return
• 3. Future of Jewish settlements in the Occupied
  Territories
  
• Numbers of Jews has increased
• Upset the Palestinians
• 4. Allows Israeli troops to stay in the occupies
  lands

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The Wall
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Today the Palestinians want

• Their own country
• Part of Jerusalem
• Their refugees to be able to return