Complex Heart Defects

1
Complex Heart Defects

• Tricuspid Atresia
• Hypoplastic Left Heart
• Single Ventricle

2
Overview of Fetal Circulation
RIGHT ATRIUM
LEFT ATRIUM via the Foramen Ovale.
AORTA BODY
http//www.packardchildrenshospital.org/health/hrn
ewborn/pda.htm
3

• RIGHT ATRIUM

• RIGHT VENTRICLE

PULMONARY ARTERY
AORTA via Ductus Arteriosus
http//www.packardchildrenshospital.org/health/hrn
ewborn/pda.htm
4
General Warning Signs

• Cyanosis
• Low blood Pressure
• difficulty breathing
• feeding problems
• poor weight gain
• pinkish color

5
Tricuspid Atresia
NO TRICUSPID VALVE FORMED No flow from right
atrium to right ventricle
http//www.rch.unimelb.edu.au/cardiology/website/L
ibrary/Tricuspid_Atresia/tricuspid_atresia.html
6
The Problem

• Blood does not enter right atrium easily so blood
  flow to lungs is not as effective.

7
Variations

• Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
• a hole between the left and right atriums helps.
  

8
NO VSD

• Ductus Arteriosus has NOT Closed yet.

Left Ventricle
Aorta
Pulmonary Artery
Body
9
Detection of Tricuspid Atresia
CYANOSIS
LOW SATURATION
10
Variations of Tricuspid Atresia
TRANSPOSITION
11
Hypoplastic Left Heart

• Poorly formed Left Side of Heart.
• One of the most severe heart defects.

12
Left Atrium
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Artery
Lungs
Aorta (via Ductus Arteriosus)
Body
13
If untreated survival is impossible
Closed Ductus Arteriosus Death
14
Warning Signs
Pale Colored Rapid Breathing Difficulty
Breathing Difficulty Feeding
15
Single Ventricle

• No ventricular septum

16
Type of Single Ventricle Defect Balanced
Circulation

• When pulmonary artery has a small obstruction a
  little narrowed.

Blood flow to the aorta and pulmonary artery are
equal.
17
Warning Signs
Equal Saturation Levels in Aorta and Pulmonary
Artery
CYANOSIS
18
Obstructed Pulmonary Artery

• Thickened Pulmonary Valve, other obstruction

Single Ventricle
BODY
LUNGS
MEANS More blood to AORTA/BODY.
RA
LA
19
WARNING SIGNS
CYANOSIS
20
Normal Pulmonary Artery
Single Ventricle

• MUCH MORE BLOOD FLOWS TO LUNGS

BODY
LUNGS
RA
LA
21
EISENMEYER REACTION Blood vessels reaction to
increased blood flow.
Normal Blood Vessel
Narrowed Blood Vessel
Blocked Blood Vessel
22
Warning Signs

• This is much harder to detect

Pinkish color
Normal Coloring
CYANOSIS
23
32,000 babies are born each year with heart
defects
24
Why?

• No one knows for sure
• heredity
• viral infections during pregnancy
• drugs
• alcohol
• Downs syndrome