Personality

1
Personality

• Definitions
• People and perspectives

2
Personality defined per sona

• What makes us recognizably the same from time to
  time and from place to place
• Patterns of behavior and thinking (Carlson)
• ...your characteristic pattern of thinking,
  feeling, and acting (Myers).
• Setting may influence personality, but strong or
  rigid personalities are consistent.

3
Personality

• An individuals pattern of thinking, feeling, and
  acting that persists across time and situations

4
Personality and psychology

• Biology of personality?
• Personality development?
• Personal learning styles?
• Individual differences?

5
Trait theories

• Personality can best be understood as a pattern
  of enduring characteristics, called traits.
• Allport Personality word analysis
• The five-factor model (The big five)
• Neuroticism or emotional stability, extraversion,
  openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness

6
Factor analysis-based trait theories

• Cattell and the 16PF
• Source traits and surface traits
• Examples Cool-warm, concrete-abstract,
  expedient-conscientious
• Eysencks three factors
• Extraversion
• Neuroticism
• Psychoticism

7
The psychosexual development model of Sigmund
Freud

• Oral, anal, and phallic stages
• Latency
• Genital stage
• Identification Oedipus and Electra
• Development vs. fixation
• Defense mechanisms
• Denial, projection, repression, sublimation,
  reaction formation

8
Criticisms of Freudian psychoanalysis

• Social conflict, not sexual Horney and
  Adler--Id, ego, and super-ego
• Development is different
• Sexual repression and psychological disorders
• But Repression is currently controversial
• A Christian critique?

9
Biological factors

• Temperament and heredity
• Reactivity of brain centers
• Drug influences

10
Humanistic views of personality

• Maslow and self-actualization
• Carl Rogers and RESUPR
• Self psychology
• Self-concept
• Self-esteem
• Self-serving bias

11
Social-Cognitive theories

• Banduras reciprocal determinism
• Locus of control (Rotter)
• Learned helplessness (Seligman)

12
Personality testing

• Personality questionnaires and inventories
• MMPI-2, 16PF, EPQ
• Myers-Briggs?
• Projective tests
• Thematic Apperception Test
• Rorschach Test