Regional Organizations

1
Regional Organizations

• European Union (EU) as an example
• How regional TREATIES reshaped war-torn Europe

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March 24, 2005 Houston
25 members, 450 million population
May 1, 2004
Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary,
Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and
Slovenia
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European Economic Communities
EEC
European Coal and Steel Community 1951 European
Atomic Energy Community 1957 European Economic
Community 1957
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European Union
EU 1992
ECSC 1951 Rome Treaty 1957 Signal European Act
1986
Common Foreign Security Policy
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European Union
EU 1992
ECSC 1951 Rome Treaty 1957 Signal European Act
1986
Common Foreign Security Policy
Justice Home Affairs
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European Union
EU 1992
ECSC 1951 Rome Treaty 1957 Signal European Act
1986
Common Foreign Security Policy
Justice Home Affairs
7
European Union
EU 2002
ECSC 1951 Rome Treaty 1957 Signal European Act
1986
Common Foreign Security Policy
Justice Home Affairs
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Institutions

• European Parliament
• Council of the European Union   - Presidency
• European Commission
• Court of Justice of the European Communities
• European Court of Auditors
• European Ombudsman
• European Data Protection Supervisor

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Hierarchy of Laws

• Article 249 of THE TREATY ESTABLISHING THE
  EUROPEAN COMMUNITY
• In order to carry out their task and in
  accordance with the provisions of this Treaty,
  the European Parliament acting jointly with the
  Council, the Council and the Commission shall
  make regulations and issue directives, take
  decisions, make recommendations or deliver
  opinions.
• A regulation shall have general application. It
  shall be binding in its entirety and directly
  applicable in all Member States.
• A directive shall be binding, as to the result to
  be achieved, upon each Member State to which it
  is addressed, but shall leave to the national
  authorities the choice of form and methods.
• A decision shall be binding in its entirety upon
  those to whom it is addressed.
• Recommendations and opinions shall have no
  binding force.

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European Court of Justice

• European Court of Justice (1952)
• Court of First Instance (1988)

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Supremacy and Effectiveness

• Leading Cases
• Case 26/62 Van 1963 CMLR 105 Gend en Loos
• Case C-213/89 1990 3 CMLR 1 Factortame
• EU case Bluebook Citation