Muslim World series

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Muslim World series
Sudan
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Introduction
Sudan is the largest African country by area. The
country is situated at a crossroads between the
Horn of Africa and the Middle East. It is
bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to
the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east,
Kenya and Uganda to the southeast, Democratic
Republic of the Congo and the Central African
Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, and
Libya to the northwest. It is the tenth largest
country in the world by area.
Definition of the name Sudan Ancient Arab
historians gave the name Sudan to the vast lands
beyond the Great African Desert. But while
ancient Sudan, which meant the land of the black
people, embodied a broad geographical and human
spectrum, modern Sudan with its present state
boundaries came to existence only at the
beginning of this century.
Symbolism The flag consists of three horizontal
stripes red, representing the blood of Muslim
martyrs white, which stands for peace and
optimism and black, which represents the people
of Sudan and recalls the flag flown by the Mahdi
during the 1800s. It has a green triangle at the
left border, which symbolizes both agriculture
and the Islamic faith.
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Capital City Khartoum
Khartoum is the capital of Sudan and a port at
the confluence of the Blue Nile and White Nile
rivers. Founded in 1821 as an Egyptian army camp,
Khartoum developed as a trade center since
then. The name Khartoum means 'Elephant's
trunk'. The most interesting part for the visitor
is the colonial downtown. Khartoum is one of the
most exciting cities in the World so there is
plenty to look at. Khartoum is Sudan's second
largest city and its administrative center. Food,
beverages, cotton, gum, and oilseeds are
processed in the city. Manufactures include
cotton textiles, knitwear, glass, and tiles.
Construction of an oil pipeline between Khartoum
and Port Sudan was completed in 1977. Khartoum is
a railroad hub and is connected by road to the
heart of the adjacent cotton-growing region. The
city also has an international airport.
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History
These pyramids in northern Sudan were built from
the 4th century BC to 3d century AD. They belong
to Nubian kings.
Nubian pyramids in northern Sudan
The number of pyramids in ancient Nubia were a
total of 223, double the pyramids of its
neighbour Egypt. The underground graves of the
Nubian pyramids were richly decorated. All
pyramids were not monuments of kings is evinced
by their great number. Other grandees of the
empire, especially priests of high rank, or such
as had obtained the sacerdotal dignity, might
have found in them their final resting place. The
well-known British writer Basil Davidson
described Meroe as one of the largest
archeological sites in the world.
All the tombs at Meroe have been plundered, most
infamously by Italian explorer Giuseppe Ferlini
(1800-1870) who smashed the tops off 40 pyramids
in a quest for treasure in the 1820s. Ferlini
found only one cache of gold.
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The Mahdiya
In 1881, a religious leader, Mohamed Ahmed El
Mahdi, led a revolt against the government. His
rebellion, which was a movement for both
religious and political reform, was widely
successful. It triumphed with the capture of
Khartoum, where General Gordon, who was the last
Turkish governor, was killed in 1885. On the
advice of the British, who occupied Egypt since
1882, the Turko-Egyptian government was
withdrawn. Although the Mahdi died in the same
year, the Sudan under his successor, the Khalifa
Abd Allah remained independent until 1898.
Muhammad Ahmad el-Mahdi
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Tourism In Sudan
The old Khartoum North Bridge It links
Khartoum-to-Khartoum North. It was constructed
during the early colonial period in Sudan
The entrance to Sudans National Museum. The
museum covers all Sudanese historical periods.
Al-Fatih Hotel
Al Taka Mountains in Kasala one at the famous
Mountains in Sudan visited by tourists from
inside and outside Sudan.
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Swimming pool in Hilton Hotel
Hilton hotel Khartoum
Jebal marra is in the west of Sudan and in the
center of Jebel Marra is an extinct volcanic
crater with a lake called the "Eye of Jebel
Marra."
Afra shopping centre is the largest in Khartoum
which includes a bowling alley, cinema, shops and
cafes.
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Education
Sudan University college of Engineering
Khartoum University is the pioneer of higher
education in Sudan.
Formal education in Sudan was started by the
British Colonial Administration after their
re-occupation of the country in 1898.
Neelain University
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Economy Of Sudan
The bulk of Sudanese exports (90) originate from
the agricultural sector. The major export
commodities include cotton, Gum Arabic, oil seeds
and livestock. The bulk of Sudan's exports are
directed towards the European Union and the Arab
countries.
Cotton plants
Currently oil is Sudan's main export , and the
production is increasing dramatically. The
Sudanese economy is the one of the fastest
growing in the world according to a New York
Times report of October 2006.
Gum Arabic
Port Sudan is the countrys major seaport. Port
Sudan is known among tourists for its excellent
diving and beaches. Tourists also use Port Sudan
as a departure point to cross the Red Sea to
Jeddah in Saudi Arabia.
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Mosques
Al Neelain mosque
Mosque of Abubakr Al-Sedeeq
The majority of the Sudanese are Muslims, mosques
were built throughout the country since the early
days of Islam. Presently many of these mosques
are found in Khartoum, some of them built for
more than hundreds of years. Religious men and
different Sunni and Sufi sects built the mosques.
And in addition to their being places of worship,
mosques play an important, social and educational
role in the lives of the Sudanese.
One of the world's oldest mosques Khartoum
Grand mosque
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Geography Of Sudan
Sudan is situated in northern Africa, bordering
the Red Sea and it has a coastline of 853km along
the Red Sea. With an area of 2,59 million square
kilometres, and its population is an estimated
of 35 million.
Rich mineral resources are available in Sudan
including petroleum, natural gas, gold, silver,
chromite, asbestos, manganese, gypsum, mica,
zinc, iron, lead, uranium, copper, kaolin,
cobalt, granite, nickel and tin.
The amount of rainfall increases towards the
south. In the north there is the very dry Nubian
desert in the south there are swamps and rain
forest. Sudans rainy season lasts for about
three months (July to September) in the north,
and up to six months (June to November) in the
south. The dry regions are plagued by sand
storms, known as haboob, which can completely
block out the sun. In the northern and western
semi-desert areas, people rely on the scant
rainfall for basic agriculture and many are
nomadic, traveling with their herds of sheep and
camels.
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People Of Sudan
North Of Sudan
The Manasir people (????????) constitute one of
many Afro-Arab riverain tribes of Northern Sudan.
The Manasir
East Of Sudan
The Rashaida are a Bedouin people populating
either side of the Red Sea, They are primarily
Muslims of recent Arab origin, through migration
having been expelled from Saudi Arabia in 1846
Middle Of Sudan
Khartoum ("Elephant Trunk") is the capital of
Sudan and of Khartoum State. It is located at the
point where the White Nile, flowing north from
Uganda, meets the Blue Nile, flowing west from
Ethiopia. The Sudan is a multicultural country
where hundreds of tribes are living there.
The Rashaida
South Of Sudan
The Dinka are a group of tribes of south Sudan,
They number around 4.5 million people,
constituting about 12 of the population of the
entire country
West Of Sudan
Baggara are Muslims, thought to be partly
descendants of Arab tribes who settled the region
primarily from the fourteenth to the eighteenth
century
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Traditions Cultures
Gold is an ornament for women and is most
important for them in the form of bracelets and
chains. Every woman is quite keen on acquiring
gold, as it is also a form of saving money.
It is well known that the Sudanese Tobe is the
traditional costume for Sudanese women. It is
usually woven from Sudanese long-staple cotton in
each of Britain and Switzerland, as these tobes
are preferable for their quality and for being
made from pure cotton wool.
Henna has been used for over 5000 years in many
countries around the world to decorate women's
hands and feet, and especially married women and
brides. Some make it light orange, some make it
red, but Sudanese like to make it black and
shiny.
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Food
These are dates which are the most important
product from Northern Sudan.
Bamya
Chicken
Tamiya (Flafel)
Foul
Mahshi
Sheya from beef
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The End