PanTurkism in Kazakhstan

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Pan-Turkism in Kazakhstan

• Prepared by Aigul Bokayeva
• Karaganda State University,
• Kazakhstan

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Kazakhstan

• Official Name Republic of Kazakhstan
• Capital Astana
• Population 16 mln.
• Kazakh 44.3 Russian 35,8
• Religion Islam 51, Christianity - 48
• Languages Kazakh, Russian

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Kazakh currency

• Currency name Tenge
• Current rate 1151

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Natural Resources

• Oil, coal, lead, iron, copper, manganese, chrome,
  nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, zinc, bauxite, gold,
  uranium, sulfur, titanium, silver

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History

• The ancient period Iranian population
• The 6th century Turkic population
• The 13th century Mongol horde

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Ethnic Background

• The 15th century Kazakhs formed as a nation
• Three ethnic elements Iranian, Turkic and
  Mongol
  
• Kazakhs, Turkmens, Uzbeks and Kyrgyz are Turks
• Tajiks are Persian

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Pan-Turkism

• Concept of the unity of all Turkic peoples is
  based on common ethnos and language
  
• Unified Turan/Turkestan is the supposed former
  homeland of all Turkic peoples
  
• Territory from the Balkans to the Great Wall of
  China

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Pan-Turkism in Kazakhstan

• The 19th century Russian domination in Central
  Asia
  
• The main goal of Pan-Turkism was independence and
  liberation of CA people from Russian oppression
  
• In 1920 Turar Ryskulov asked for the creation of
  a Great Turkic Republic in CA

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Ryskulovs proposal

• Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kirghizia, Turkmenistan,
  and Tadzhikistan
  
• The Middle Volga territories of Tatarstan,
  Bashkiria, the Turkic Chuvash Republic, the
  Muslim areas of the North Caucasus, Azerbaidzhan,
  and Dagestan
• 75 Turkic, 15 Iranian and 80 Muslim

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Consequences of Ryskulovs proposal

• In 1922 the razmezhivanie of CA
• The end of Muslim national communists dream of a
  united Muslim-Turkic state Turkestan
  
• From 1923 to 1928 liquidation of national
  elite
  

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Muslim National communism in the Soviet Union

• For Muslim intellectuals who have a knowledge of
  who the national communists werethis legacy is
  one of courageous example and self-sacrifice for
  a noble cause to regain leadership in the Muslim
  world, and to claim the future

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Territorial factor

• Kazakhstan territory 2.7 mil sq. km
  population 16 mil
  
• Uzbekistan territory 447 thousand sq.km
  population 20.7 mil
  
• Tajikistan territory 143 thousand sq.km
  population 5. 3 mil
  
• Turkmenistan territory 488 thousand sq.km
  population 3.7 mil
  
• Kyrgyzstan territory 198.5 thousand sq.km
  population 4 mil
  

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Density of the population

• Kazakhstan 6 persons per 1 sq.km
• Uzbekistan 46
• Tajikistan 37
• Turkmenistan 7
• Kyrgyzstan 22

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Turkey and CA

• Turkish Cooperation and Development Agency (TIKA)
  and annual summits
  
• 1990s 2500 Turkish companies investment 8,4
  billion and 4 billion
  
• Trade volume from 145 mil in 1992 to 5,6 bil
  in 1999
  
• Turkish Eximbank credits 1,5 billion
• Investments in telecommunications
• Education scholarship program

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Reasons of decline of Turkeys leadership

• Domination by Turkey as an elder brother
• Turkish attempts to influence CA domestic
  politics
  
• CA could deal with the West directly
• Russian influence

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Conclusion

• Turkic unity would be a geopolitical event
• Turkic unity would have considerable population
  and vast natural resources
  
• Highly integrated political unions