CHURCH HISTORY

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CHURCH HISTORY

• Reformation in the Sixteenth Century to the
  present day

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Reformation, 1517 AD
Protestant Reformation- 1517 AD. 

• A. Martin Luther was born in Germany on 1483 AD.
  
  
• 1. On October 31, 1517 Luther nail his 95 theses
  to the of the Wittenberg Church.
  
• Pope's Bull of Excommunication. Luther burns the
  Bull. (Bull an official letter from the Pope).
  1521.

Martin Luther nail his 95 theses, October 31, 1517
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Before The Council of Trent, 1517 AD
4. The Three Great Principles of the Reformation
a. The Bible is the final authority. b. We
are saved by Grace through faith, not by wor
ks. c. The Priesthood of Believers. We c
an pray directly to God.
Martin Luther and Family
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Before The Council of Trent, 1517 AD
B. Zwingli at Zurich, Switzerland. The
Anabaptists. C. John Calvin at Geneva, Switzerl
and- The Reformed Church. D. John Knox in Scot
land, the Presbyterians. E. Henry VIII, the An
glicans Church of England.
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Reformation Giants
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The Religious Confessions at the End of the
Sixteenth Century
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Abuses Within the Church

• A number of the Popes took too great an interest
  in the art and culture of the Renaissance. They
  spent their time and the Church's money promoting
  art and scholarship and sometimes neglected their
  religious duties as Church leaders.
• B. To meet increasing expenses, the Church was
  sometimes charging taxes that were not voluntary.
  Many good people were offended.
  
• C. Simony - the sale of high church offices to
  the highest bidder. When a vacancy occurred (ex.
  an archbishop's job) people competed to pay the
  most to get the position. This did not
  necessarily lead to the best man getting the job.

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Abuses Within the Church
D. Sale of Indulgences - Indulgences were letters
of pardon excusing a sinner from having to d
o a penance assigned. The Church taught
that sins could be forgiven only if the
sinner was really sorry. Since
the letters were printed in Latin, some
people misunderstood and thought that they w
ere purchasing forgiveness. Good Christians
complained. E. Some (a small minority) of
the clergy were living very worldly lives,
committing sins and living in luxury. This
offended good Catholics.
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Documents of
TRENT
1545 - 1563
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Council of Trent

• The Councils was convened by Pope Paul III on
  December 13, 1545 in the mountain village of
  Trent in northern Italy.
  
• There were 25 major sessions that spanned
  eighteen years under five popes
  
• 1. Pope Julius III
• 2. Marcellus II
• 3. Paul IV
• 4. Pope Pius IV who closed the last session on
  December 4, 1563 with Pius IV issuing a Papal
  Bull on February 7, 1564

Pope Paul III, convened the Councils of Trent,
December 13, 1545
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Council of Trent
          Pope Saint Pius V
Pope Saint Pius V completed the commission of
Trent, reforming the Roman Missal with his De
Defectibus and Quo Primum writing the Catechism
of Trent based on all the decrees of Trent and
also set up a commission to issue a more exact
edition of the Latin Vulgate Bible.
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Council of Trent
Definitions and decisions of the Council
COUNCIL OF TRENT (1545 to 1547) 1st session
1. Scripture and tradition were to be of equal a
uthority - this denied the fundamental Pro
testant belief that the Bible alone was the basis
of Christian belief. 2. The Catholic Church was t
o have the sole right in interpreting the Bible
and the authority of the Vulgate was asserted.
(The Vulgate was the ancient Latin version of the
Scriptures produced by St. Jerome in the 4th
Century. 3. Good works were upheld. 4. The seven
sacraments were "absolutely necessary channels
of divine salvation." 5. Communion in both kinds
was forbidden except by express permission of the
pope.
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Council of Trent

• 2nd Session 1551 to 1552
• 1. All bishops should be relieved from an oath
  of obedience to the Papacy.
  
• The authority of the councils should be made
  superior to the Papacy. Clearly this was
  unacceptable to the Church but the second session
  did declare that
•   - pilgrimages and penances were to be upheld
•   - the doctrine of transubstantiation was
  affirmed
  
•   - communion in both kinds was condemned as were
  other aspects of the Protestant  view of the
  Eucharist.

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Council of Trent
3rd Session 1563 to 1563 The third sessi
on declared   - clerical celibacy was upheld
  - communion in one kind for the laity was
upheld the veneration of images and relics was
upheld   - bishops were to ordain only suitable
men to holy orders and to supervise their 
moral life   - clergy were to reside in their pa
rishes and to perform regular duties.
  - a seminary was to be established in every
diocese
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Council of Trent
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1869 - 1870
Documents of
VATICAN I
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First Vatican Council

• The First Vatican Council was summoned by Pope
  Pius IX by the bull Aeterni Patris of June 29,
  1868.
  
• The first session was held in Saint Peter's
  Basilica on December 8, 1869. It was the 20th
  ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic church.
  Nearly 800 church leaders attended.

Purpose of Council
The pope's primary purpose was to obtain
confirmation of the position he had taken in his
Syllabus of Errors (1864), condemning a wide
range of positions associated with rationalism,
liberalism, and materialism.
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First Vatican Council
Pope Pius IX The longest reigning Po
ntiff outside of Saint Peter himself, Blessed
Pope Pius IX was selected the 255th successor of
Peter on June 21, 1846 and died on February 7,
1878 - 32 years in which he guided the Baroque of
Peter through the troubling times of the rise of
modernism and the masonic movement.
A pious Pope who stood by the Traditions with
every fiber of his being, he declared the Dogma
of the Immaculate Conception in 1854. Sixteen
years later he would see the end of the Papal
States when the Italian Army took over Rome.
Pope Pius IX
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First Vatican Council
The First Vatican Council (1869 1870)
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First Vatican Council
The results of the Council Besides the condemnat
ion, to define the doctrine concerning the
church. In the three sessions, there was
discussion and approval of only two
constitutions 1. Dei Filius (the Dogmatic Con
stitution On The Catholic Faith) which
defined, among other things, the sense in
which Catholics believe the Bible is inspired by
God. 2. Pastor Aeternus (the First Dogmatic C
onstitution on the Church of Christ) dealing
with the primacy and papal infallibility of
the bishop of Rome.
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Documents of
2
VATICAN
1962 - 1965
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Second Vatican Council
Second Vatican Council (1962 1965)
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Second Vatican Council
Pope John XXIII, Opened the Council in October
11, 1962

• The Second Vatican Council, or Vatican II, was an
  Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church
  opened under Pope John XXIII in 1962 and closed
  under Pope Paul VI in 1965.

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Second Vatican Council
The results of the Council

• The most visible results were changes in how
• Church sacraments were practiced.
• The use of vernacular languages for the Mass.
• A new attitude towards their relationship with
  non-Catholics.

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Second Vatican Council
A. 4, Constitution
Pope Paul VI and St. Peters Rome, below.
1. Dei Verbum (Divine Revelation)
2. Gaudium et Spes (Church in the Modern World)
3. Lumen Gentium (The Church) 4.
Sacrosanctum Concilium (Liturgy)
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Second Vatican Council
B. 9, Decrees
1. Ad Gentes (Mission Activity)
2. Apostolicam Actuositatem (Lay People)
3. Christus Dominus (Bishops in the Church)
4. Inter Mirifica (Social Communication)
5. Optatam Totius (Priestly Training)
6. Orientalium Ecclesiarum (Eastern Churches)
7. Perfectæ Caritatis (Renewal of Religious Life)
8. Presbyterorum Ordinis (Life of Priests) 9.
Unitatis Redintegratio (Ecumenism)
Pope John XIII, at the solemn opening on October
11, 1962
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Second Vatican Council
C. 3, Declaration
1. Dignitatis Humanæ (Religious Freedom)
2. Gravissimum Educationis (Christian Education)
3. Nostra Aetate (Relations with Non-Christia
ns)
Pope John XIII, warned the assembly against the
temptation to be pessimistic and integrist.
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Second Vatican Council
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Pope John Paul II
- Now in the 23rd year of his pontificate, Karol
Józef Wojtyla , known as John Paul II was
elevated on October 16, 1978 after his
predecessor John Paul I died mysteriously after
only 33 days as pope.
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Pope John Paul II
Left Loreto (Italy) 5 Sept, 2004 and
Right Lourdes 14-15 Aug 2004

• No Sovereign Pontiff has been more well known,
  more popular with the
  world and media, or has
  traveled to more countries as he has become
  the "pilgrim pope."
• Pope John Paul II has completed 104 pastoral
  visits outside of Italy and 146 within Italy . As
  Bishop of Rome he has visited 317 of the 333
  parishes .

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Pope John Paul II
Pope John Paul II with Mother Teresa in Kolkata
in 1986 after he has visited Singapore in 18 Nov
1986.
- Now in the twilight years of his life, John
Paul II will go down as one of the most prolific,
yet ambiguous and wordy writers among the Popes.
He has written volumes and volumes of works,
including his Encyclicals, Apostolic Letters
Constitutions, Exhortations, Angeleses, General
Audiences and Homilies
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State of the City of the Vatican
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State of the City of the Vatican
The State of the City of the Vatican or the
Vatican City is one of the smallest independent
states in the world (both in area and in
population), a landlocked enclave surrounded by
the city of Rome in Italy. The Vatican is the
home of the Pope, and forms the territory of the
Holy See, the central authority of the Roman
Catholic Church.
Vatican City
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State of the City of the Vatican
History of the Vatican City

• In 326 the first church was built on the
  supposed site
  of the tomb of Saint Peter,
  and from then on the
  area started to
  become more populated.
• Popes in their secular role gradually
  extended
  their control over neighbouring
  regions and through the
  Papal States ruled
  a large portion of the
  Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years
  until the mid 19th century, when most of the
  territory of the Papal States was seized by the
  newly united Kingdom of Italy.

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State of the City of the Vatican

- In February 11, 1929 by three

Lateran treaties, which established the
independent state of the Vatican City and granted
Roman Catholicism special status in Italy.
- In 1984, a new concordat between the Holy See
and Italy modified certain provisions of the
earlier treaty, including the primacy of Roman
Catholicism as the Italian state religion.
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