Chapters 4 and 5 Input and Output

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Input and Output
The User Connection
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Brain Teaser

• Draw nine points on a piece of paper (see next
  slide)
• After moving to the next slide, dont click until
  you ready to have the answer revealed.
• Connect the 9 points by drawing four straight
  lines without lifting the pencil.
• Only pass through each point once.
• Too easy try three straight lines ?
• Hint Think outside the box

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4
Topics

• List and describe different input and output
  equipment.
• Describe the characteristics that determine a
  monitors quality.
• Describe the characteristics that determine
  printers quality.
• Be sure to read textbook for additional
  information on Input and Output equipment.

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Information Processing Cycle
InputRaw Data
Process (Application)
OutputInformation
Storage
Output from one process can serve as input to
another process.
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What is Input?

• Input is any data and/or instructions entered
  into the memory (RAM) of a computer.
• An application (program) must be running in order
  for the data to be entered and processed.
• Instructions may be submitted to an application
  (for example Save File) or may be submitted to
  the Operating System (for example Start a
  program).

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Input Devices

• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Trackball
• Touchpad
• Joystick
• Pens
• Pointing Stick
• Touch Screen
• Graphics Tablet

• Scanners
• Optical Readers
• OCR/OMR/Bar Code/ Magnetic Ink Character Reader
• Data Collection Devices
• Biological Feedback

• Digital Cameras
• Microphone
• Voice/Speech Recognition
• Video Input
• Videoconferencing
• TV Tuner

• ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act )
• Keyguard
• Head mounted pointer

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Standard Computer Keyboard
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Computer Keyboard Keys

• Function Keys
• Cursor-Movement Keys
• Numeric Keypad
• Toggle Keys (Caps Lock, Num Lock)
• Modifier Keys (Shift, Alt, Ctrl)
• Windows Keys
• Print Screen List of Keyboard Shortcut
  Keyshttp//support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?sci
  dkben-usQ301583

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Capturing a Screen Image

• Print Screen Captures an image of the entire
  desktop to the Clipboard.
• Alt Print Screen - Captures active window image
  to the Clipboard.http//msdn.microsoft.com/libra
  ry/default.asp?url/library/en-us/dnwue/html/appxb
  .asp

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Ergonomic Keyboards
International Keyboards
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Entering International Characters in Word
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Multi-media Readers

• Reads various Flash Memory Cards such as those
  used on digital cameras.

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Biometric Input

• Biometrics is the technology of authenticating a
  persons identity by verifying a personal
  characteristic.
• Fingerprint scanner
• Face Recognition Technology
• Voice Verification System
• Signature Verification System
• Iris Recognition System (eyes)

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What is Output?

• Output is data processed into a useful
  information that can used by a person or a
  machine.
• Softcopy displayed on a monitor or saved to a
  disk.
• Hardcopy printed output

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Output Categories

• Text
• Graphics
• Drawings
• Charts
• Photos
• Audio
• Sounds
• Music
• Speech
• Video
• Animation

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Output Devices

• Monitors
• Flat Panel
• LCD Displays
• Gas Plasma
• Touch Screens
• HDTV (digital)

• Printers Portrait/Landscape
• Impact
• Inkjet
• Laser
• Thermal printer
• Portable printer
• Braille printer
• Plotters
• Label printer
• Fax machine
• Multifunction

• Data Projectors
• LCD
• Digital Light (DLP)

• HDTV
• Speakers
• Headsets
• Tactile Displays (visually impaired see
  next slide)

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Tactile Display
Display is generatedby adjusting the metallic
filmscurvature. The userplaces their hand
over the device tofeel the output.White
areas on imageare raised slightly.
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Monitor Attributes

• Pixel - is the smallest element in an electronic
  image. Pixel is short for picture element.
• Resolution clarity of the image is directly
  related to the number of pixels.
• Common resolutions range from 800 x 600 to 1600
  x 1200 pixels (horizontal x vertical).
• Dot Pitch - refers to the distance between each
  pixel (recommend .28 or less). The smaller the
  dot pitch, the sharper the screen image.
• Refresh or Scan Rate (CRT) the number of times
  the image is drawn per second by the scanning
  electron beam (recommend 68 Hz, slower may
  flicker).
• Response Time (LCD) time in milliseconds (ms)
  it takes to turn a pixel on or off (2-8ms)
  instead of using a scanning electron beam.

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Resolution

• A higher resolution means that there are more
  pixels per inch.
• This gives the desktop more room, so more
  information can fit on the screen.
• This in turn makes text and graphics appear
  smaller.
• Most consumers think that buying a larger screen
  with a higher resolution will allow them to see
  their work larger.

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Integrated vs. Expansion Video

• A port on the back of the computer is required to
  connect a monitor.
• The video connection may be integrated into the
  motherboard, or added as an Expansion Card by
  inserting into an Expansion Slot.
• Integrated video shares the system RAM and may
  require that the CPU do some of the work.
• Expansion cards come with additional RAM and a
  Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) that graphic
  programs and games take advantage of.
• The same is true for sound cards, but video is
  more demanding.

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Ports for Integrated Circuits
Standard VGA Monitor Port
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Video Cards

• Expansion Slots
• AGP Accelerated Graphics Port
• PCI or PCI Express
• S-Video for TVs or other video
• VGA standard video (15 pin)
• DVI - Digital Visual Interface (24 pin)
• DVI is a connection standard developed by Intel
  for connecting computers to digital monitors such
  as flat panels and DLP projectors.
• DVI allows digital to digital connection and that
  eliminates the conversion to analog and thereby
  delivers an unblemished image.
• ATI and nVidia are some chip sets found on
  various products

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Dual Monitors?

• Can use Standard port and DVI port, or a
  Dual-monitor video card, or two separate video
  cards.

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Audio Cards

• May include line out, headphone out, microphone
  in, Aux, etc.
• Surround Sound for unbelievable gaming, movie,
  and music experience.

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Printers

• Impact printers form characters by striking a
  mechanism against a ribbon that physically
  contacts the paper (noisy and less clearer).
• Nonimpact printers form characters without
  actually striking the paper.
• Image sharpness is measured in dots per inch
  (dpi).
• Laser Printers
• 600 or 1200 dpi
• 15 50 pages per minute (ppm)
• Uses drum, toner, laser and heat (copy machine)
• Inkjet Printers
• 4800 x 1200 dpi
• 8 22 ppm
• Ink is sprayed on to paper
• To save color ink, set printer to print in Black
  and White instead of Color as the default.

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Portrait vs Landscape

• Portrait orientation is taller than wider
• Landscape orientation is wider than taller.

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Number of Bits and Color

• Human eye has only 3 color receptors.
• Red, Green, Blue (RGB)
• The eye can see about 256 shades of each, which
  is about 350,000 colors.
• 8 bit 28 256 colors
• 16 bit 216 65,536
• 24 bit 224 16.7 million (true color)

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Another Brain Teaser

• On the next slide there is a ring of pink dots.
• If your eyes follow the movement of the rotating
  pink dot, the dots will remain only one color,
  pink.
• However if you stare at the " " in the center,
  the moving dot turns to green.
• If you concentrate on the " " in the center of
  the picture. After a short period, all the pink
  dots will slowly disappear, and you will only see
  only a single green dot rotating.
• There really isnt a green dot , and the pink
  ones really does 't disappear.
• We don't always see what we think we see.

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Next In Class

• Lab Adaptive Technology