Wiki

1
Wiki

• ?"? ???? ????
• gilad_at_ravid.org
• http//www.ravid.org/gilad/
• ????? ?????? ??????, ?????????? ?? ?????? ????
• Annenberg Center for Communication, USC
• ????? 2007

2
ACC USC

• The Annenberg School for Communication at the
  University of Pennsylvania (1958)
• The Annenberg School for Communication at the
  University of Southern California (1971)
• The Annenberg Center for Health Sciences at the
  Eisenhower Medical Center (1981)
• The Annenberg Center for Communication at the
  University of Southern California (1993)

3
ACC

• ???? ??????????????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????
  ??????
• IJoC (International Journal of Communication)
• Center for Communication Law and Policy
• Center for the Study of Journalism and Democracy
• Immersive Sound
• Inscriptifact
• Institute for the Future of the Book
• Integrated Media Systems Center
• Non-Verbal Communication Across Cultures
• Redistricting Game Where Do You Draw The Lines?
• Viral University Education
• Youth and New Media
• The Center for Digital Future - 43 of online
  community members feel as strongly about their
  virtual community as they do about their
  real-world communities.

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10
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• ???? (????? "???-??" ?? Wiki ???????) ??? ????
  ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????,
  ??? ????? ?????, ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????.
• ????? ? 1995 ?? ??? Ward Cunningham
• ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????
• ?? ?? ????? ??? ????????
• ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????
  ?? ?????

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The Original Wiki-Wiki
12
??? ???? ????? ?? ????

• ??? ???????
• ???? ?????
• ?????? ????? ????
• ?????? ?? ???????
• ?????
• 1.5 ?????? ????? ???????, 50,000 ??????
• ??????
• ????? ??????? ???? ? Brockhaus ?? Encarta (ct
  Magazine)
• ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? (nature).

Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow.
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Virtual Settlements

• Mailing Lists
• Discussion Boards
• Blogs
• Wikis

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Virtual Settlements
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Theory

• Wisdom of the crowds
• Metcalfe's law
• Gift economy
• Information economy

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The Wisdom of Crowds
17
????? ????? ????? I

• Galton
• ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ??????????
• "The stupidity and wrong-headedness of many men
  and women being so great as to be scarcely
  credible
• ? 1906 ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????
  ??.
• ????? ?????? ????? 1,197 ????? ???? ????? 1,198

18
????? ????? ????? I (????)

• The results seems more creditable to the
  trustworthiness of democratic judgment then might
  have been expected

19
????? ????? - ?????

• ?????? ????????, ?????? ???????????? ?????
  ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???.
  ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????
  ??????????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????.

20
????? ????? ????? II

• 28 ?????? 1986 ???? ? Challenger
• ??????, ?????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?? 4
  ????? ???????? ?????? ???????
• ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? Thiokol ??????
  ????? ???? ?????
• ½ ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??"? ?????? ?????? ?????
  ?? ??????? ?? Thiokol

21
????? ????? ????? III

• ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????
• 65 ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????
• 91 ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????

22
????? ????? ????? ??????

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  ?????
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• ???????
• ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????
  ??????

23
????? ????? ????? IV

• ?????? ????????? Scorpion ???? ???? 1968
• ??????? ????? ?? 20 ???? ???????
• John Craven ???? ???? ??????????? ????? ??????
  ?????? ?????
• ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????
• ???? ????? ?????
• ???? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? 200
  ???

24

• ???? ??? ??????? ?????
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• ?????? ???? ???? ??????
• ?????? ????????.
• (???? ??? ?', ?-?)

25
??????? ?????

• ????.... ????.... ????!!!
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  ????? ?????)
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• ???????????? (?? ???????) ???????????? (??-????)
• ??? ????? (Markup Language) ?????
• ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????
• ?? ???? ?????? (?????) ??? ??? ???? ??????
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• ??????
• ??????????
• ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???
• ???? cycle time ?? ?????

26
??????? ????

• ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????
• ????? ???? ??????
• ?????? ?????? ???? (???? ?????)
• ???? ?????? ??????
• ????? - free speech or free beer or free kitten
• ??????
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27
???? ??????

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• ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????????
  ??????? ???????.
• ??? ??? ?????

28

• Inventing the World Wide Web involved my growing
  realisation that there was a power in arranging
  ideas in an unconstrained, weblike way." (Tim
  Berners-Lee, Weaving the Web)
• The particular pedagogical challenge is one of
  control wikis work most effectively when
  students can assert meaningful autonomy over the
  process, it involves challenging the social
  norms and practices of the course "(Lamb,
  2004)
• http//www.educause.edu/pub/er/erm04/erm0452.asp?
  bhcp1 http//www.profetic.org16080/dossiers/rubr
  ique.php3?id_rubrique110

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??? ?????? ? wiki

• ????? ?????? ?? ???
• ????? ?? ??? ?????? (??? ???? ????? ??? ????????)
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• ??? ?????
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• ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? (???, ???????,
  ????? ?? ?????)

30
??????? ????? ???????

• ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????
• ????? ????????? ?????
• ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????
• (?? ?? Johnson and Johnson 2003, 1999)

31
?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????

• ?????? ???????? ??????
• ???? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ???????
• ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????
• ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????
• (?? ?? Hodgson McConnell 1992)

32
??????? ???????

• ????? ????? ?????
• ????? ?????? ????? ????? ? Web
• ????? ?????? ????????
• ???? ???????? ??????
• ??? ???
• ????? ????? ???? ()
• ????? ?? ???? ?????
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33
????? ?????? ??????

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• ???? ???? ?????? ????, ?????? ????? ?????? ?????
  ?????

34
?????

• ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????
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35
?????? ???? ????

• ???? ?? ??????
• ????? ?????? ???????
• ????
• ??????
• http//en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wiki_Science

36
??????? ????

• Wilder says, " . . . librarians should not assume
  that college students welcome their help in doing
  research online." The same goes for high school
  students. "The typical freshman, Wilder
  continues, "assumes that she is already an expert
  user of the Internet, and her daily experience
  leads her to behave that she can get what she
  wants online without having to undergo a training
  program. Stanley Wilder, "Information Literacy
  Makes All the Wrong Assumptions, Chronicle of
  Higher Education 51, no. 18 (Jan. 7, 2005
• Students in this survey placed greater emphasis
  on the process of finding an answer than on
  analyzing the actual information. --Graham, L.
  and Metaxas, T. P. (2003) Of Course Its True I
  Saw It On The Internet! Critical Thinking In The
  Internet Era, CACM, 46(5)

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38
????????

• ??????????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????
• ????? ?????, ????, ??? ??????? ????? ??????
• ??????????? ?? ???? ???????
• ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? (???? ?????
  ?????)
• ??? GateKeepers
• ??? ?????? ????? ?? Reputation
• ?? ? History ?????? Reputation
• Social Software

39
????? ?????????

• ????
• Misinformation has a negative value. Even if you
  get it for free, youve paid too much
• ???????? ??????
• ?????????, ???????, ?????, ?????, ???????
• ??????? ?????
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• ?????? ?????

40
??????

• PETER DENNING, JIM HORNING, DAVID PARNAS LAUREN
  WEINSTEIN. 2005. Wikipedia risks. Communications
  of the ACM 48.12. 152.
• DOUG ACHTERMAN. 2005. Surviving Wikipedia
  Improving Student Search Habits through
  Information Literacy and Teacher Collaboration.
  Knowledge Quest 33.5.
• Internet encyclopaedias go head to head Jim Giles
  2005 Nature 438, 900-901
• ANDREW LIH. Wikipedia as Participatory
  Journalism reliable Sources? Metrics for
  evaluating collaborative media as a news
  resource. 5th International Symposium on Online
  Journalism
• BESIKI STVILIA, MICHAEL B. TWIDALE LINDA C.
  SMITH. 2005. Information Quality Discussions in
  Wikipedia.

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????? ????? ?? ????-???

• ??? ????? ?? ???????
• ?????? ????? ??????? (hybrid) ??? ???? ???? ?
  solid core ????? ?????
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• "???" ???? ??? ?????? ????????????

45
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• ??? ??? "???? ???????" ???? ????? ????? ????
• ????? ??????? ??????
• ?? ???
• Meta data

46
????? (??????) ?????? (??? ????? ??? ????? ?????)

• ???? - ??????? ? Quick and dirty?
• ?????? ???? ?? ?????
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48
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• 493 ????????
• 745 ????????
• 270,000 ?????
• 6,378 ??????
• ????? 3.4 ?????? ???
• ????? 42.39 ????? ??????

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4 ????? ??"?
?. ????
3 ????? MBA
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English Glossary
Disk On Key
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????? ?????? ??????
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?????? ????? ????

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• ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????.
• ????? ????????? ?? ???????.
• Great Wrongopedia Contest
• Wikipediaball

http//www.weblogg-ed.com/2005/07/12a3766
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57
?????

• ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????.
• http//www.nupedia.com Nupedia
• ????? ???????????wiki.png???? - ????????????
  ???????
• ????? ???? ??-?????
• ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?"??????"
  "??????" ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? 2.
  ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???.
• ?????? ???????? (????? ???????? ???????) ????
  ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????
  ??????
• ''?????'', '''????? ???''', '''''????? ???
  ???'''''

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?????

• ()

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• Known Knowns
• ??????? ????????
• ???????
• ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????
• ?????? ?????
• Known Unknowns
• ????? ? web 2.0 (????? ?????)
• ?????? ??????? ? e-learning (VLE vs. PLE) ()
• ????? ???
• Unknown Unknowns
• ??????????
• ??????