Bo Dahlbom 1998 adb'gu'se

1
Bo Dahlbom 1998 adb.gu.se

• Professor of informatics at Göteborg university
• Director of the Viktoria Institute
  www.viktoria.org
• Manager of research projects on Internet, mobile
  informatics, global infrastructures, IT and
  learning

2
IT is a

• Revolution

3
And everything is changing

• The world is changing
• Business life is changing
• Working life is changing
• Everyday life is changing
• Life is changing

4
Society is Changing

• Life in the country
• Life in the city
• Life on the net

5
The Industrial Revolution
Government statistics
6
Industrial Work

• Competence reliability, punctuality, discipline
• Attending to machines in a factory. Work time and
  time off, vacation, work place, employed,
  unemployed, education, working life, retirement.
  
• A bureaucratic organization described by an
  organizational chart, a diagram.

7
Machines, engineers, factories

• Machine, process, production, system
• Productivity, efficiency, quality
• The Factory Model
• The Factory Work Model

8
Forecasting IT Use

• Computers in the future may weigh no more than
  1.5 tons. (Popular Mechanics, 1949)
• I think there is a world market for maybe five
  computers. (Thomas Watson, 1943)
• I have travelled the length and breadth of this
  country and talked with the best people, and I
  can assure you that data processing is a fad that
  wont last out the year. (The editor in charge
  of business books for Prentice-Hall, 1957)
• There is no reason anyone would want a computer
  in their home. (Ken Olson, chairman and founder
  of Digital)

9
It began with data processing

• Computing machines (50s-60s)
• Information systems and robots (70s)
• Personal computing and copiers (80s)
• Networks and workflow (90s)

10
And there was office work
Government statistics
11
And the offices grew

• Where industry has its products, administration
  has its documents
• Education, management, marketing, and so on, as
  document production
• Information processing as document management

12
And were organized

• Office automation
• Processes, workflow, time
• Quality, TQM, BPR, ISO
• Maturity, learning, knowledge management

13
But then there was...

• IT

14
...and work became just TALK!

• From work dominated by machines and production to
  work dominated by people and conversation.
• Communicative capacity, personal initiative,
  availability, flexibility, tempo, and networking.
• Work, education and entertainment are mixed. Work
  goes on anywhere, anytime, on the market. Working
  places become meeting places.

15
The Power of Technology

• The farmers became extinct
• The offices just erupted
• Welcome to Talk Society

16
Future Archeology

• Mobile phones
• Intelligent agents
• Multimedia, speech technology
• Electronic commerce
• Smart cards

17
To work is to meet

• From messages to meetings
• Interactive technology (IT)
• Arrange, postpone, cancel meetings
• Navigate to and fro meetings
• Report, summarize meetings

18
Focus on business

• Knocking on doors
• Customer availability
• Personal trust
• Quantity first, then quality

19
The work place disappears

• Working at home
• Working at the customers
• Working in the car
• The net as work desk
• The offices become meeting places

20
A Company with Soul

• From goals to visions
• Improvisation and individual initiatives
• Attention, hospitality, care
• Ambitions, dreams, self-realilzation

21
The old company

• A society at the outskirts of society,
• a well organized centre,
• for production

22
The new company

• A looseley connected,
• distributed, and mobile,
• sales organization

23
IT is a mobile phone

• From work dominated by machines and production to
  work dominated by people and conversation.
• Communicative capacity, personal initiative,
  availability, flexibility, tempo, and networking.
• Work, education and entertainment are mixed. Work
  goes on anywhere, anytime, on the market. Working
  places become meeting places.

24
IT as a global market place

• Internet all over the world
• E-commerce on a global market
• A mobile society, a global world
• Local communities dissolve

25
Life becomes interactive

• Isolated in the country, in the city
• To be alone with a book and think
• Always interactive on the net
• My network is my library

26
We become nomads again

• Urban people meeting in airports
• Mobile hordes and the flow of goods
• New hordes and old companies
• The Idea Society

27
A New World

• Virtualization
• Networking
• Mobilization

• Globalization
• Urbanization
• Dualization

28
A society with infrastructure

• A vertical society with foundation and levels
• Stable, inert, and secure
• With common standards and resources

29
A society with networking

• A horizontal society in which we break new ground
• Mobile, flexible, and insecure
• Only the market is common

30
IT means customer focus

• From administration to service
• From routines to innovations
• To manage knowledge work
• Information, Documents, Knowledge

31
From production to service

• Production is a process in many steps
• Sales is a situation with dimensions
• Efficient process, focus on quality
• Customer intimacy, feel for situations
• The moment of truth

32
The Factory World

• Division of labor and efficiency
• Experts with long, formal education
• Closed professions with jargons, methods, and
  rules
• Formal treatment and legal contracts

33
The Market World

• Care, hospitality, attention
• Personal warmth and friendliness
• An exchange of services and gifts
• Informal contacts and contracts

34
The History of Enterprise

• Machines Production (processes, quality)
• MIS Offices (organization, documents)
• IT Business (networking, service)

35
Knowledge Management

• Information Management (production)
• Document Management (office work)
• Knowledge Management (innovation)

36
Now that we know routines...

• A hundred years of factories have taught us
  routines
• Now we can focus on innovation and change

37
... innovation is the game

• IT is a technology that develops IT is
  innovation
• With IT focus is on business Business is
  innovation
• IT is interactive technology Interaction is
  innovation

38
Innovators and Entreprenuers

• Production and Administration is Routine Work
• Business development is innovation
• Customer relations are innovative
• Now we all have to be innovators

39
Innovation Management

• Active talent scout
• Game Master on the market
• Knowledge Mentor
• Charismatic Visionary

40
What is knowledge?

• Platos definition
• Competence, acquaintance, beliefs, opinions,
  knowledge how and that
• Tacit and explicit knowledge

41
Knowledge Creation

• From tacit to tacit (socialization)
• From tacit to explicit (verbalization)
• From explicit to tacit (internalization)
• From explicit to explicit (negotiation)

42
A terrible mess

• Why is it that I always get a whole
• person, when what I really want is
• a pair of hands?

43
Companies as Markets

• Professions, office managers, MIS
• Competencies, project leaders, CSCW
• Tasks, game masters, e-commerce

44
The New Leader

• Bureaucracies have office managers
• Teams have project leaders
• Markets have game masters

45
Work is mechanistic

• You move, lift, or modify material
• Work is controlled by machines and organized as a
  process, a flow
• Efficiency, quality, and measurement
• Rationality and means-ends thinking

46
Knowledge is romantic

• No material changes it is all virtual
• Knowledge work is organized by people it is
  dialectic
• Creativity, redundancy, and innovation
• Content, planless, goalless, depth

47
Knowledge work

• Work is conversation
• Work is lifelong learning
• From documents to ideas
• Back to Plato!

48
Goodbye to Professions

• Factories have professions (organization focus)
• Teams have competencies (human capital
  focus)
• Markets have missions (task
  focus)

49
From factory to market

• Information Systems for bureaucracy
• Document Management for projects
• Electronic Commerce for markets

50
One thing is certain...

• Well meet again