Chapter 1: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

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Chapter 1 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

• Section 1.1 Atoms are the smallest form of
  elements

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All matter is made of atoms

• Are all substances we touch the same?
• Example A book is made of a different _________
  then air.
• First it was thought everything was made of
• Air, ______, fire, and earth
• Today chemists know about ____ basic substances,
  or _________, account for everything we see or
  touch.
• Element is related to the word elementary which
  means ______

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Types of Atoms in Earths Crust and Living Things
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Types of Atoms in Earths Crust and Living Things
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Names and Symbols of Elements

• Where do these names come from?
• People, ______, and Greek words
• Symbols
• First Letter of Its Name
• Hydrogen ___
• Sulfur ___
• Carbon ___
• First Letter Plus One More Letter
• Aluminum ____
• Platinum ____
• Zinc ____

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Names and Symbols of Elements (cont.)

• Some symbol names are less obvious.
• Symbols from Latin Name
• Gold ____
• Lead ____
• Iron ____
• Copper ____

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Each Element is Made of Different Atoms

• Dalton was the first to propose that each
  ________ is made of tiny particles called ______.
• Atoms are made of even smaller particles
• ________
• ________
• ________

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The Atomic Model
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The Structure of an Atom

• Proton
• A __________ charged particle located in an
  atoms nucleus.
• Neutron
• A particle that has __________ charge and is
  located in an atoms nucleus.
• Nucleus
• The central region of an atom where most of the
  atoms mass is found in ________________.
• THE ___________ HAS AN OVERALL
  POSITIVE CHARGE

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The Structure of an Atom

• Electron
• A ___________ charged particle located outside an
  atoms nucleus.
• An electron is about ______ times smaller than
  either a proton or neutron.
• The ______________ has a negative charge
• ? Neutral atoms have no electrical charge because
  they have the ______ number of _______ as
  _________.

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Atomic Number

• The number of _______ in the nucleus of an atom.
• This determines the ______ of an atom.
• Ex. Every hydrogen atom has an _______________
  of 1, it has exactly one proton in its nucleus.

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Atomic Mass Number

• The total number of _______ and ________ in an
  atoms nucleus.
• Atoms of a certain element always have the same
  number of ______, but may not always have the
  same number of ________.
• So, not all atoms of an ________ have the same
  atomic mass number.
• What are these atoms called????

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Isotopes

• Atoms of the same element that have a _________
  number of ________.
• Ex. All chlorine atoms have 17 protons.
  However, some chlorine atoms have 18 neutrons,
  while other chlorine atoms have 20 neutrons.
• Some elements have many ________, while others
  just have a ____.

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Atoms Form Ions

• An ____ is formed when an atom ______ or ______
  one or more ________.
• The number of ________ in an ion is _________
  from the number of ________.
• An ion ____ have an overall electric charge.

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Formation of a Positive Ion

• A ______ ion is formed when an atom ______ an
  electron.
• A positive ion is ______ than the atom that
  formed it because it has ______ electrons.
• Positive ions are represented by the symbol for
  the element with a raised ____ sign to indicate a
  positive _______.
• Ex.

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Formation of a Negative Ion

• A _______ ion is formed when an atom ______ an
  electron.
• A negative ion is ______ than the atom that
  formed it because it has _____ electrons.
• Negative ions are represented by the symbol for
  the element with a raised _____ sign to indicate
  a ________ charge.
• Ex.