ETHANOL FUEL IN BRAZIL

1 / 23
About This Presentation
Title:

ETHANOL FUEL IN BRAZIL

Description:

Brazil's 29-year-old ethanol fuel program uses cheap sugar cane, mainly bagasse ... Today, Brazil gets more than 30% of its automobile fuels from sugar cane ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:510
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 24
Provided by: webCe

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: ETHANOL FUEL IN BRAZIL


1
ETHANOL FUEL IN BRAZIL
  • By Krit Supradith

2
Ethanol fuel in Brazil
  • Brazils 29-year-old ethanol fuel program uses
    cheap sugar cane, mainly bagasse (cane-waste) for
    process heat and power, and modern equipment
  • provides a 22 ethanol blend used nationwide,
    plus 100 anhydrous ethanol for four million cars

3
Ethanol fuel in Brazil
  • The Brazilian ethanol program provided nearly
    700,000 jobs in 2003, and cut 19752002 oil
    imports by a cumulative undiscounted total of
    US50 billion
  • Today, Brazil gets more than 30 of its
    automobile fuels from sugar cane-based ethanol

4
Ethanol fuel in Brazil
  • In recent years, the Brazilian untaxed retail
    price of hydrous ethanol has been lower than that
    of gasoline per gallon
  • Approximately US50 million has recently been
    allocated for research and projects focused on
    advancing of ethanol from sugarcane

5
Ethanol fuel in Brazil
  • The Pró-Álcool or Programa Nacional do Álcool
    (National Alcohol Program) was a nation-wide
    program financed by the government to phase out
    all automobile fuels derived from fossil fuels
    (such as gasoline) in favour of ethanol
  • began with the anhydrous alcohol to blend with
    the gasoline
  • 24 of alcohol and 76 gasoline (commonly known
    as gasohol)

6
Ethanol fuel in Brazil
  • The program successfully reduced by 10 million
    the number of cars running on gasoline in Brazil,
    thereby reducing the country's dependence on oil
    imports
  • The decision to produce ethanol from fermented
    sugarcane was based on the low cost of sugar at
    the time

7
Ethanol Cars Manufacturing in Brazil
8
  • Twelve billion gallons of ethanol were produced
    worldwide in 2005.
  • The U.S. and Brazil are the top producers of
    ethanol,
  • but many countries produce small amounts of
    ethanol.
  • Brazil and the U.S. use ethanol as a vehicle
    fuel.
  • Brazil, however, uses ethanol as a primary fuel,

  • whereas the U.S. uses ethanol mainly as an
    additive to gasoline fuel.

9
Electricity from Bagaço
  • Sucrose accounts for little more than 30 of the
    chemical energy stored in the mature plant
  • 35 is in the leaves and stem tips
  • 35 are in the fibrous material (bagasse)
  • Part of the bagasse is currently burned at the
    mill to provide heat for distillation and
    electricity to run the machinery

10
Electricity from Bagaço
  • ethanol plants to be energetically
    self-sufficient and even sell surplus electricity
    to utilities
  • current production is 600 MW for self-use and 100
    MW for sale
  • This secondary activity is expected to boom now
    that utilities have been induced to pay "fair
    price "(about US10/GJ or US0.036/kWh) for 10
    year contracts
  • The energy is especially valuable to utilities
    because it is produced mainly in the dry season
    when hydroelectric dams are running low

11
Electricity from Bagaço
  • Estimates of potential power generation from
    bagasse range from 1,000 to 9,000 MW, depending
    on technology
  • Higher estimates assume gasification of biomass
  • replacement of current low-pressure steam boilers
    and turbines by high-pressure ones, and use of
    harvest trash currently left behind in the
    fields
  • For comparison, Brazil's Angra I nuclear plant
    generates 657 MW

12
Electricity from Bagaço
  • Presently, it is economically viable to extract
    about 288 MJ of electricity from the residues of
    one ton of sugarcane, of which about 180 MJ are
    used in the plant itself
  • a medium-size distillery processing 1 million
    tons of sugarcane per year could sell about 5 MW
    of surplus electricity
  • At current prices, it would earn US 18 million
    from sugar and ethanol sales, and about US 1
    million from surplus electricity sales

13
Electricity from Bagaço
  • Bagasse burning is environmentally friendly
    compared to other fuels like oil and coal. Its
    ash content is only 2.5 (against 30-50 of
    coal), and it contains no sulfur.
  • Since it burns at relatively low temperatures, it
    produces little nitrous oxides.
  • Moreover, bagasse is being sold for use as a fuel
    (replacing heavy fuel oil) in various industries,
    including citrus juice concentrate, vegetable
    oil, ceramics, and type recycling.
  • The state of São Paulo alone used 2 million tons,
    saving about US 35 million in fuel oil imports

14
Program statistics
15
(No Transcript)
16
Effect on oil consumption
  • Most cars in Brazil run either on alcohol or on
    gasohol
  • Presently the use of ethanol as fuel by Brazilian
    cars - as pure ethanol and in gasohol - replaces
    gasoline at the rate of about 27,000 cubic metres
    per day

17
Effect on oil consumption
  • 40 of the fuel that would be needed to run the
    fleet on gasoline alone
  • However, the effect on the country's overall oil
    use was much smaller than that domestic oil
    consumption still far outweighs ethanol
    consumption
  • in 2005, Brazil consumed 2,000,000 barrels of oil
    per day, versus 280,000 barrels of ethanol
  • According to government statistics Brazil
    produced 17.471 billion litres of ethanol in
    2006

18
Comparison with the United States
  • Brazil's sugar cane-based industry is far more
    efficient than the U.S. corn-based industry
  • Brazilian distillers are able to produce ethanol
    for 22 cents per liter, compared with the 30
    cents per liter for corn-based ethanol
  • U.S. corn-derived ethanol costs 30 more because
    the corn starch must first be converted to sugar
    before being distilled into alcohol
  • Sugarcane cultivation requires a tropical or
    subtropical climate, with a minimum of 600 mm (24
    in) of annual rainfall

19
Environmental effects
  • The improvement in air quality in big cities in
    the 1980s,
  • following the widespread use of ethanol as car
    fuel, was widely evident
  • In Brazil, a recent law has been created in order
    to ban the burning of sugarcane fields, and
    machines will replace human labor as the means of
    harvesting cane.
  • This not only solves the problem of pollution
    from burning fields, but new machines also have a
    higher productivity than people

20
Environmental effects
  • Advancements in fertilizers and natural
    pesticides have all but eliminated the need to
    burn fields
  • however chemical pollution from runoff may turn
    out to be just as harmful to the environment as
    the smoke

21
Social implications
  • Sugarcane has an important social contribution to
    the poorest people in Brazil.
  • Although it still improves little the life
    conditions of this segment of Brazilian society,

  • especially in comparison to Industrialized
    countries living standards, having a temporary
    work at Sugarcane harvest fields is, for many,
    the only option to survive

22
Exports of Brazilian ethanol
  • On 19 December 2005, the state-run Petrobras
    announced a contract with the Japanese Nippon
    Alcohol Hanbai for the creation of a
    joint-venture based in Japan to import ethanol
    from Brazil. The company, Brazil-Japan Ethanol,
    will have as its main object the creation of an
    ethanol market in Japan
  • The exportation of Brazilian ethanol to the U.S.
    reached a total of US 1 billion in 2006, an
    increase of 1020 over 2005 (US 98 millions)
  • Sweden also has a large import from Brazil due to
    its 5 use of ethanol in all of its fuels

23
  • Thank you for listening
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)