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Climate Change Policy of Brazil

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Title: Climate Change Policy of Brazil


1
Climate Change Policy of Brazil
2
Introduction
  • Brazil has
  • 6 of worlds surface
  • 27 of worlds population
  • 1.3 growth rate
  • 5.5 million square kilometers of forest
  • 20 of worlds biodiversity
  • .5 deforestation rate per year
  • 15 of worlds fresh water supply
  • Brazils economy is the 10th largest in the world

3
GHG Emissions
  • 8th Largest Emitter
  • Yearly emissions in 2000 were 851.1
  • 2.53 of total emissions in the world
  • 5 tons of CO2 per capita
  • GHG Intensity of economy is 262.6 tons of CO2
    equivalent per million int. The worlds average
    is 533.4

4
Green House Gas Emissions
5
Energy Use
  • Fossil Fuels- 38
  • Hydropower- 33
  • 100 renewable
  • Accounts for 95 of Brazils electricity
  • Biomass- 23
  • 70 renewable
  • Derived from sugarcane/ethanol production,
    charcoal, and other industrial processes

6
Energy Use
7
Deforestation
  • 11.8 of Legal Amazon has been deforested
  • Accounts for 71 of Brazils CO2 emissions
  • CO2 emissions from deforestation may average 250
    of Brazils annual energy-related emissions

8
Climate Change Program
  • Emerged after Brazil ratified the UNFCCC in 1994
  • Began in 1996, with funds from the GEF
  • Creation of Interministerial Committee on Global
    Climate Change in 1999
  • Created commitments for developing countries,
    based on common but differentiated
    responsibilities

9
Brazils Concerns about Climate Change Policy
  • Who should reduce, and when?
  • Brazilian Proposal- base responsibility on
    historical emissions, not current annual
    emissions
  • Creation of Mechanisms
  • Proposed the Clean Development Fund, which
    became the basis for the creation of the CDM
  • Land-use change and deforestation
  • Wants to count the Amazon as a carbon sink
  • Does not want to use forest preservation
    projects to generate GHG emissions reductions

10
International Negotiations
  • Hosted the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, in
    1992
  • First country to sign the UNFCCC in 1992, entered
    into force in 1994
  • Took a proactive stance as a representative of
    the developing world
  • The Brazilian Proposal proposed reductions
    based on historical emissions
  • Proposed the Clean Development Fund, which later
    became the CDM.
  • Aimed to achieve sustainable development, reach
    emissions reductions goals in order to stabilize
    global temperatures, and help assist developing
    countries comply with targets

11
Commitments
  • -Develop and periodically update national
    inventories of anthropogenic emissions
  • -Produce description of steps taken to implement
    the convention
  • -Promote and cooperate in development,
    application, diffusion, and transfer of
    technologies, practices, and processes that
    control, rduce, or prevent anthropogenic GHG
    emissions
  • -Promote research and systematic observation and
    development of data related to climate change and
    its effects
  • -Dissemination of information about climate
    change and an increase of publications in
    Portuguese

12
Other Domestic Actions
  • Clean energy mix
  • Ethanol program
  • CDMs
  • Dissemination of information through the internet
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