Modern Western Civilization Lecture

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Modern Western CivilizationLecture 5

• The Revolutionary Era
• 1765-1815

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Themes

• The American and French Revolutions came with
  promises which were only partly realized.
• These revolutions increased the popular desire
  for democracy in European governments.

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Declaration of Independence

• When did Thomas Jefferson write this document?
  What did it mean to declare independence?
• What justification did Jefferson give for open
  rebellion and revolution?
• How did Jeffersons arguments mirror John Lockes
  writings?
• How did this document reflect the enlightenment?

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Advantages in the Revolutionary WarBritish
American

• A thriving economy
• A large army and a large population base to
  replenish the army.
• The worlds best equipped and most experienced
  army.
• The worlds best navy.

• Fighting on home ground.
• Support of the locals (1/3, 1/3, 1/3).
• George Washington

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Three Estates

• First EstateThe Clergy, 50/50 split
• Second EstateThe Nobility, 25/75 split
• Third EstateEveryone else, united for reform.

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Stages Of the Revolution

• The Liberal Stage 1789-1792, Enlightened Reform
• The Radical Stage 1792-1795, Reign of Terror
• The Conservative Stage 1795-1800, The Directory

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Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

• Who wrote and adopted this declaration? When was
  it written?
• What kind of government did they propose? Who
  would hold sovereignty in this system?
• What rights did they give citizens? What
  responsibilities did they expect citizens to
  uphold?
• How did this document address the issues which
  caused the French Revolution?

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Nationalism

• Prior to the French Revolution, the French saw
  themselves as subjects of the King.
• During the revolution, the French developed the
  idea of defining nationality as a shared
  language, culture, history, and religion.

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Stages of Nationalism

• Desire for nationhood.
• Glorification of the nationality.
• Right to empire.

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