ILO-OSH 2001 and National OSH-MS profiles

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ILO-OSH 2001 and National OSH-MS profiles

• Pavan Baichoo
• InFocus Programme on safety and health at work
  and the environment
• (SafeWork)

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Introduction

• The development of management systems for OSH
• Why OSH-MS?
• ILO-OSH 2001 in detail
• Profiles of a few national systems
• OSH-MS implementation

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The development of OSH-MS

• Liberalisation of trade and economies
• Increase in occ. acc. diseases
• Traditional command-control mechanisms inadequate
•  Systems  approach pioneered by Edward Demings
• Development of standards by ISO

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Why OSH-MS?

• Systematic way to manage OSH activities in the
  organisation
• OSH as integral part of the organisations value
  system
• Reduction of hazards and risks, accidents,
  diseases
• Low absenteeism, high productivity, job
  satisfaction

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ILO response

• ILO-OSH 2001
• Unique model
• Compatible with other
• OSH-MS
• Action on 2 levels
• National level
• Organisation level

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National OSH-MS Framework

• Formulation of a national policy on OSH-MS
• Development of national guidelines (based on
  ILO-OSH 2001)
• Formulation of tailored guidelines, reflecting
  the specific conditions and needs of organisations

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Elements of the national framework
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OSH-MS in the organisation

• Main elements
• Policy
• Organising
• Planning and
• implementation
• Evaluation
• Action for
• improvement

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ILO-OSH 2001 - Policy

• Basis of the OSH-MS
• Sets direction for the organization to follow
• Contains elements of
• OSH policy
• Worker participation

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ILO-OSH 2001 - Policy

• OSH Policy
• Foundation from which all management system
  components originate and are developed
• Short, easily understood, known by all
• Expression of the organizations commitment to
  OSH
• Reflects integration of OSH values into all
  strands of the organizations fabric

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ILO-OSH 2001 - Policy

• Worker participation
• Along with management commitment and
  leadership, it is the most important component
  of OSH arrangements
• Active involvement in emergency preparedness,
  task analysis, safety assessments, SOPS and work
  instructions, training progs., evaluations and
  audits

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ILO-OSH 2001 - Organising

• Makes sure structure is in place
• Establishes the building blocks
• Allocation of responsibilities/accountability
• Contains elements of
• Responsibility and accountability
• Competence and training
• OSH documentation
• Communication

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ILO-OSH 2001 - Organising

• Responsibility and accountability
• Addresses manner in which roles and
  accountability structures of OSH-MS involved
  personnel and employees are defined
• High degree of resp. results in employees
  knowing who is doing what and that there are
  OSH concerns, these will get done in a timely
  manner

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ILO-OSH 2001 - Organising

• Competence and training
• All employees should possess the necessary
  skills and knowledge to work safely
• Management and workers should demonstrate
  competence to safely conduct or supervise
• Should be appropriate to the organisations
  OSH hazards/risks

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ILO-OSH 2001 - Organising

• OSH documentation
• Essential for those companies seeking
  registration/certification
• Key indicator of conformance
• Tailored to size/need of the organisation
  (SMEs)

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ILO-OSH 2001 - Organising

• Communication
• A defining component of an OSH-MS
• Means whereby information is transmitted
  throughout the organisation
• Ensures that those with OSH responsibilities
  have the structures to recieve and transmit
  information

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ILO-OSH 2001 Planning/Imp

• Show the current status of the organization
• Baseline for OSH policy implementation
• Contains elements of
• Initial review
• System planning, development implementation
• OSH objectives
• Hazard prevention

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ILO-OSH 2001 Planning/Imp

• Initial review
• Necessary before a robust OSH-MS can be formed
  and implemented
• Identifies OSH hazards and risks
• Audit with a difference as it is more thorough
  as eye is always geared to implementation
• More attention placed on organisational culture

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ILO-OSH 2001 Planning/Imp

• System planning, dev. implementation
• Addresses initial OSH-MS development and
  ongoing revision/modification of the system
• Nucleus of OSH-MS as it addresses overall
  planning, dev. impl. of ILO-OSH 2001
• Performance based nature of ILO-OSH 2001
  implies a number of structures
• crucial, if not well done, problems in impl.

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ILO-OSH 2001 Planning/Imp

• OSH objectives
• Follows naturally from OSH policy
• Represents beginning of progressional realm of
  OSH policy to operational realm expressed in
  system desing/structure and measurement
• Should be measurable and appropriate to the
  size and nature of the organisation
• Should refelect the organisations values

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ILO-OSH 2001 Planning/Imp

• Hazard prevention (5 sub-elements)
• Prevention and control measures
• Management of change
• Emergency prevention, preparedness and
  response
• Procurement
• Contracting

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ILO-OSH 2001 Planning/Imp

• Hazard prevention (5 sub-elements)
• Prevention and control measures
• Proactive measures for controlling
  hazards/risks
• Hierarchy of controls (eliminate, substitute,
  minimise through eng., minimise through admin.,
  PPE)
• According to national laws and regulations
• Training an essential component as workforce
  needs to understand hazards/risks

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ILO-OSH 2001 Planning/Imp

• Hazard prevention (5 sub-elements)
• Management of change
• Addresses OSH concerns when there is
  installation of new processes or operations
  (internal changes) or changes in law or
  regulations (external changes)
• Organisation should assess here how changes in
  work processes or law can affect work safety and
  health

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ILO-OSH 2001 Planning/Imp

• Hazard prevention (5 sub-elements)
• Emergency prevention, preparedness and
  response
• Manner in which the organisation responds to
  OSH emergencies and accidents
• Actions initiated and conducted immediately
  when events occur
• Fire safety, disaster/incident management,
  evacuation/contingency plans, training,
  back- to-work systems, communication etc.

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ILO-OSH 2001 Planning/Imp

• Hazard prevention (5 sub-elements)
• Procurement
• Knowledge of items entering the facility
• MSDS for identifying hazardous substances
• Identification of substitute materials through
  review

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ILO-OSH 2001 Planning/Imp

• Hazard prevention (5 sub-elements)
• Contracting
• Contractor selection and on-site work
  practices covered
• Ensure contractor work is performed safely by
  informing them of hazards/risks
• Stopping their work if unsafe
• Potential contract termination due to unsafe
  work

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ILO-OSH 2001 - Evaluation

• Shows how the OSH-MS is functioning (measures
  performance)
• Identifies weaknesses
• Contains elements of
• Performance monitoring measurement
• Investigation
• Audit
• Management review

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ILO-OSH 2001 - Evaluation

• Performance monitoring measurement
• Addresses the manner in which OSH performance
  is measured
• Iterative process that evolves as the overall
  OSH-MS matures
• Part of OSH-MS performance meas. sub- system
  that starts with OSH policy, then incorporates
  objectives, and is followed up with audit
  management review

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ILO-OSH 2001 - Evaluation

• Investigation
• Purpose to determine the root-causes
• See at what points the OSH-MS failed
• Provides narrative description,
  employee/equipment/task characteristics, time
  factors, Preventive measures, injury
  characteristics, training issues, warnings, root
  causes (both proximal physical and systemic
  cause(s))

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ILO-OSH 2001 - Evaluation

• Audit
• Part of the OSH-MS performance measurement
  sub-system
• Addresses the manner in which OSH performance
  can be determined
• Should be undertaken for all elements
  periodically
• Either internal or third-party

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ILO-OSH 2001 - Evaluation

• Management review
• Should assess the overall OSH-MS
• Agregate lessons learned
• Improve performance
• Modify system in response
• Through this activity that the OSH-MS, the
  org., and environment external to the org. are
  linked necessary for successful OSH-MS as it
  provides the feedback

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ILO-OSH 2001 Action/Impr.

• Implements corrective actions identified in
  Evaluation stage
• Continual improvement in OSH performance
• Contains elements of
• Preventive and corrective action
• Continual improvement

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ILO-OSH 2001 Action/Impr.

• Preventive and corrective action
• Actions taken in response to, or in
  anticipation of, system breakdowns or high
  hazard/risk events
• Key concept is that actions should be taken as
  anticipatory as possible (i.e. in advance)
• Suggested goal is to reach a pt. where
  workforce take P C actions when confronted
  with a situation

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ILO-OSH 2001 Action/Impr.

• Continual improvement
• Provides guidance on how OSH performance can
  be provided on an on-going basis
• Measurable improvement is only attainable if
  measurable OSH objectives are chosen
• May mean reduction in injury rates or meeting
  objectives
• Requires that the org. collects suitable
  performance data.

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Profiles of national systems

• Asia
• Voluntary OSH-MS with certification support
  Australia, New Zealand, China Thailand
• Mandatory OSH-MS with regulatory and third
  party certification Singapore, Indonesia
• Promotion of OSH-MS Japan, Korea
• Enabling steps India, Malaysia

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Profiles of national systems

• Singapore
• Factories Act 1994
• Mandatory external audits
• 14 mandatory elements in org. OSH-MS
• Govt responsible for mandatory safety audits,
  formulation of criteria for approval and accred.
  of 3rd party auditing companies and providing
  further guidance for implementation (COPs
  usually)

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Profiles of national systems

• Australia/New Zealand
• National OSH-imp. Framework
• States produced state guidelines on OSH-MS
• JAS-ANZ for organisations to certify
• Accreditation controlled by state governments
• Joint national standard AS/NZS 4801

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Profiles of national systems

• Japan
• National guidelines promotion
• Voluntary certification by organisations
  provided by JISHA
• India
• Enabling steps toward improved OSH management
• Private certification no Govt. involvement

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Profiles of national systems

• Norway
• Internal control (self-regulation regime)
• Mandatory under Norwegian law
• 7 elements in OSH-MS
• Led to change in way of inspection
• Inspect smooth functioning of system as
  compared to detailed traditional inspection
• Incentives/penalty driven

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Profiles of national systems

• Poland
• National standard developed by Government and
  standard body, recently amended in line with
  ILO-OSH 2001
• Training provided by CIOP
• Certification by govt. accredited institution
  (CIOP)
• Incentives to certified organisations

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OSH-MS Implementation

• Taking an idea, plan or policy to fruition. 6
  steps can be identified
• Initiation initial assumptions and goal setting
• Estimation organisational dynamics
• Selection choosing an approach
• Implementation taking action
• Evaluation measuring effectiveness
• Correction continual improvement or termination

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OSH-MS Implementation

• Initiation
• First actions or issues to be considered
• Why the effort is being done
• Value gained and anticipated outcomes
• Consideration of alternative approaches

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OSH-MS Implementation

• Estimation Organisational dynamics
• Resources, both human and financial
• Organisational buy-in (selling the plan to upper
  management)
• Costs
• Organised labour perspective and involvement
• Support
• Integration

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OSH-MS Implementation

• Selection
• Approach to be taken
• Market demands
• Integration
• Augmenting the selected approach
• How organisational dynamics will affect
  implementation
• The desire for  certification 

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OSH-MS Implementation

• Implementation
• Confirm organisational support resources
• Implementation action plan
• Support team
• Information management
• Well defined goals and milestones
• Clear lines of communication
• Updates between team members
• Maintaining support and focus
• Overcoming breakdowns and resignation
• Timeline notion of implementation cycles

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OSH-MS Implementation
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OSH-MS Implementation

• Evaluation
• Same as management review in ILO-OSH 2001
• Overall assessment of OSH-MS effectiveness
• Evaluation criteria 2 types
• Outputs for what has been implemented
• Outcome results generated from outputs (eg.
  Accident and injury rates)

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OSH-MS Implementation

• Correction
• Step addresses correction, modification,
  evolution and possibly termination
• Continuous improvement

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Where to get more information

• SafeWork Website (www.ilo.org/safework)
• SafeWork secretariat (safework_at_ilo.org)

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Thank you