ANKLE AND FOOT

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ANKLE AND FOOT

• H L pg 193 209
• T F Chpt 9, pg 159

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FUNCTION (ankle and foot)

• SUPPORT
• PROPULSION

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FOOT STRUCTURE

• BONY
• 7 tarsal bones
• 5 metatarsal bones
• 14 phalanges
• 5 proximal
• 4 intermediate
• 5 distal

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Articulations of the Foot

• Intertarsal
• Tarsometatarsal
• Intermetatarsal
• Metatarsophalangeal
• Interphalangeal

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FOOT ARTICULATIONS

• TARSOMETATARSAL
• 2nd - 5th are non-axial gliding joints
• 1st may be a modified saddle joint
• INTERMETATARSAL
• articulations between bases of each metatarsal
• non-axial gliding

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FOOT ARTICULATIONS

• METATARSOPHALANGEAL
• Modified condyloid
• INTERPHALANGEAL
• hinge joints

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ARCHES

• Main function is to provide shock absorption and
  propulsion
• 4 arches
• Longitudinal Arches - lateral medial
• Navicular is the keystone of medial longitudinal
  arch
• Transverse (Tarsal) Arch - formed by tarsal bones
• Metatarsal Arch - distal heads of metatarsals

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ANKLE JOINT

• Structure hinge joint
• Joints all have a common capsule
• Talocrural - articulation between tibia, fibula,
  and talus
• Often referred to as the ankle mortise
• Movements
• Flexion/Dorsiflexion
• Extension/Plantarflexion

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Other Articulations of the Ankle

• Fibulotalar - articulation between fibula and
  talus
• Distal tibiofibular - articulation between tibia
  and fibula
• Tibia and fibula are held together by ligaments
  and interosseus membrane

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OTHER ANKLE ARTICULATIONS

• Subtalar - joint between calcaneus talus
• Gliding joint
• Inversion/Eversion

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OTHER ANKLE ARTICULATIONS Cont.

• Midtarsal - joints between tarsal bones
• Calcaneocuboid - gliding
• Talonavicular - modified ball and socket

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LIGAMENTS

• Medial
• Deltoid comprised of 4 separate ligaments
• Calcaneotibial ligament
• Anterior talotibial ligament
• Posterior talotibial ligament
• Tibionavicular ligament

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LIGAMENTS

• Plantar
• Calcaneonavicular - "spring ligament"
• Primary ligament of the medial longitudinal arch

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LIGAMENTS

• Lateral ligaments
• Anterior talofibular ligament (most commonly
  injured)
• Calcaneofibular ligament
• Posterior talofibular ligament
• More prone to injury due to weak lateral
  ligaments with less overall anatomical support

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Superior Ligaments

• Anterior/Posterior
• Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
• Posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament

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FOOT/ANKLE MOTION

• TALOCRURAL JOINT
• Hinge
• Plantarflexion (extension)
• Dorsiflexion (flexion)

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FOOT/ANKLE MOTION

• TARSAL JOINTS
• Plantarflexion - Slight gliding movement occurs
  with plantarflexion
• Dorsiflexion - Slight gliding movement occurs
  with dorsiflexion
• Inversion/Adduction (Supination)
• Eversion/Abduction (Pronation)

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FOOT/ANKLE MOTION

• TARSOMETATARSAL
• gliding movements
• INTERMETATARSAL
• gliding movements
• METATARSALPHALANGEAL
• Flexion
• Extension
• Abduction
• Adduction

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FOOT/ANKLE MOTION

• INTERPHALANGEAL JOINTS
• Flexion/Extension/Hyperextension

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ANTERIOR MUSCLES

• Tibialis anterior - dorsiflexion, inversion
• Extensor Digitorum Longus - extension of 2nd 5th
  toes, dorsiflexion
• Extensor Hallucis Longus - extension of 1st toe,
  dorsiflexion
• TOM, DICK, HARRY
• Peroneus Tertius - dorsiflexion, eversion

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LATERAL MUSCLES

• Peroneus Longus
• Peroneus Brevis
• Both are responsible for plantar flexion, eversion

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DEEP POSTERIOR MUSCLES

• Posterior tibialis - plantarflexion, inversion.
• Flexor digitorum longus - flexion of 2nd 5th
  toes, plantarflexion, inversion
• Flexor hallucis longus - flexion of 1st toe,
  plantarflexion, inversion
• TOM, DICK, HARRY

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SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR MUSCLES

• Gastrocnemius - knee flexion, plantarflexion
• Soleus - plantarflexion
• Plantaris - plantarflexion

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