Title: How did life begin on Earth
1How did life begin on Earth ?
- The Bible teaches that God created all life on
earth. - But evolution teaches that life started by a
purely natural process. - What does the scientific evidence tell us ?
2Achievements of Science
- Physics
- Law of Gravity (Newton)
- Law of Electromagnetism (Maxwell)
- Structure of the atom (Bohr, and others)
- Chemistry
- Periodic table chemical properties
- Organic chemistry
- Molecular-biology
- DNA structure
- Cell chemistry
- How does science discover these truths ???
3How science discovers the truth
- Science tries to find explanations for things we
can observe - Scientific method
- Observe and gather information
- Propose a theory (a good guess)
- Devise experiments to test the theory
- See if results of experiments check out with the
theory - If not, change theory and try again
- If so, theory becomes a law
4Example
5How life began Theory of Evolution
- Science has studied the question How did life
begin on earth - Science has learn a lot about what living
organisms are made of and how living organisms
work in Biology and Chemistry - But science has not yet discovered how life
began... Science is still guessing... - The scientific theory (guess) on how life begin
is called Theory of Evolution
6MSNBC Poll on Evolution (Jan 2003)
- What do you think of the evidence regarding
evolutionary theory? - The evidence is so strong that the theory is
beyond doubt. 56 - The evidence is not sufficient to support the
theory. 28 - Neither of the above. 16
- Poll audience
7So is Evolution a proven theory ???
- A recent PBS TV series on Evolution claims that
- All known scientific evidence support evolution
- Virtually every reputable scientist in the world
support evolution - School text books on evolution all proclaim that
Evolution is a proven fact - Many people who once believed that God created
the world turned away from God after they learned
about the Theory of Evolution... (anyone here ?)
8Evolution is NOT a proven theory
- Immediately after the PBS TV series, 100
scientists (from well-known universities like
MIT, Yale, Emory, etc) published a 2-page ad in
the newspaper The Weekly Standard - Public TV programs, education policy statements,
and science textbooks have asserted that Theory
of Evolution fully explains the complexity of
living things. The public has been assured, most
recently by spokespersons for PBS's Evolution
series, that "all known scientific evidence
support evolution" as does "virtually every
reputable scientist in the world. ----- The
following scientists DISPUTE the first claim and
stand as LIVING TESTIMONY in contradiction to the
second.. (followed by the names of these 100
scientists)
9Before we discuss Evolution
- Before I can talk about Evolution, I need to
explain what living things are made of... - I have tried to keep things as simple as
possible, but - If something is unclear, please stop me anytime
and ask questions !!!
10What are living things made of ?
Cell
0.01 mm
11Structure of a living cell
- We now know the cell is extremely complex
- In Darwin days, they thought the cell was simply
a blob, like dough (bad microscopes)
12What is a cell made of ?
Amino-acid molecule
Cell
Millions of protein molecules
Chain of 100s of amino-acid molecules
13Amino-acids building blocks of life
- 20 different amino-acid molecules in cells
- Each protein molecule is made of different
combinations of amino-acids - Q How many different protein molecules ?
Example protein molecule
Another example
14Protein molecules used in cells
- There can be infinitely many different protein
molecules - Analogy
- 10 digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
- Each number is made of different combination of
10 digits (123, 27632, 67, ) - We can make up infinite many different numbers
- Living cells use over thousands of different
kinds of protein molecules
15What do you need to do to make life ?
Lots and lots and lots of different kinds of
amino-acid molecules
1 Cell
Millions of protein molecules
Lots and lots of diff kinds of protein molecules
16What do you need to do to make life ?
- Make billions of amino-acid molecules (of
different kinds)
Amino-acid molecules come in 2 flavors left
handed and right-handed. Life only use
left-handed molecules
17What do you need to do to make life ?
- Pick the right kinds of amino-acid molecules in
the right order to make millions of protein
molecules
Pick only left-handed ones !
Put in the right order !
Some protein molecules have over 1000 amino-acids
!
18What do you need to do to make life ?
- Pick the right kinds of protein molecules and put
them together in the right way to build ONE
SINGLE cell
Tens of thousands different kinds of proteins
Millions of protein molecules
Cell your worst 3D Chinese Jigsaw puzzle
nightmare...
19So can we make a living cell ?
- With all our current advanced knowledge and
technologies, we cannot make a living cell from
scratch... - Suppose we would break apart a living cell, we
could not put the cell back together again...
20Now we can talk about Evolution
- What I describe next is the theory or guess
that science has proposed to explain how life
began on earth - I will describe the theory in its entirety first
- As for all science, a theory (guess) must be
supported by evidence I will present the
scientific evidence after presenting the Theory
of Evolution (and explain whats wrong with the
theory)
21Evolution How did life begin (1)
- Early earths atmosphere contains Hydrogen,
Methane, Ammonia, Nitrogen gases - Lightning provided energy to fuse the gases into
different Amino-acid molecules - Amino-acid molecules collide with one another to
for protein molecules - Protein molecules collide with one another to
form a living cell
22Evolution How did life begin (2)
- At first, life was very simple and consist of
self replicating molecules - Later, life learn to store genetic information in
DNA molecules single cell organisms (bacteria) - And later, single cell organisms developed into
simple multi-cell orgasms (Example coral polyp)
23Evolution How did life diversify ?
Billions of years
Life changes slowly over long time
24Evolution how did life diversify ?
- When more and more living organisms are on earth,
they compete for their food - The stronger (faster, smarter, etc) animals will
have a better chance to survive and reproduce - This process of adaptation is called natural
selection
25Science always check the evidence
- A scientific theory is only a guess it can be
wrong ! - The principle in science is to always check the
theory against the evidence - The evidence is never wrong
- So do we have strong evidence for the Theory of
Evolution ?
26Making amino-acid according to Evolution
- Put Hydrogen, Methane, Ammonia, Nitrogen together
- Use lightning (electric sparks) to fuse the gases
into different Amino-acid molecules - Any evidence that this can be done ?
27Making Amino-acids Millers experiment
- Miller put water, nitrogen, methane, ammonia,
hydrogen and carbon dioxide in a flask - The mixture was zapped for a week by high voltage
sparks - Miller was able to make a number of different
types of amino-acid molecules - Some scientists saw this as proof that life
began on earth through evolution
28Whats wrong with Millers experiment
- When you do science, you must get the starting
condition right otherwise, the result of the
experiment is flawed - Scientists have discovered that Earths early
atmosphere did not contain hydrogen, methane and
ammonia - When Millers experiment is repeated, all it
produced were very harmful chemicals !
29More problems with Millers experiment
- Millers experiment cannot produce enough
amino-acids (electrical sparks destroy the
amino-acids !!!) - Millers (and later) experiment can only create
proteins made with up to 30 amino-acids (some
proteins have more than 1000 amino-acids !!!) - Proteins made in Millers experiment contain both
left-handed and right-handed variants of
amino-acids (living cells only use left-handed
ones)
30What some scientists say...
- The physicist Fred Hoyle had this to say
- "This scenario (a huge number of amino-acid
molecules bouncing against each other and
creating a living cell) is about as likely as a
tornado whirling through a junkyard and
accidentally assembling a fully functional Boeing
747"... - In a recent debate, Miller was asked if he
believed life could have started according to his
experiment, Miller said No comment...
31Evolution life have common ancestor
- All life started from a common ancestor
- Is there any evidence for this fact ???
32Evidence 1 for common descend embryos
- Haeckle showed embryos at different stages of
their development (1874) - Haeckles drawing shows that embryos from
different species look alike at the start of
their development - Many biology text books claim that this shows
that all living things had a common ancestor
33Evidence 2 for common descend structure
- The skeleton of vertebrates have a common design
looks like coming from one common ancestor
34Non-evidence 1 Haeckles fraud !
- You GOTTA to smell fish if biology text books in
2004 use a drawing from 1874 - In 1997, Richardson took pictures of real embryos
- Richardson
- it's turning out to be one of the most famous
FAKES in Biology
Many biology text books still contain this lie
!!!
35More real embryos
Pictures of real embryos clearly show embryos
differ greatly at early stage
Embryos does NOT support the theory of one
common ancestor
36Dubious evidence 2 one Creator ?
- We see common structure in other things
These common structure shows a common designer
(humans), not necessarily a common ancestor.
37Fossils
- When some animals died a catastrophic (quick)
death (e.g., volcano eruption), their bodies can
be encapsulated in stone/dirt and become a fossil
38Fossil Record
- Fossils are deposited in rock in layers
- The deeper a layer, the older the fossils !
Recent fossils
Millions of year later
Ancient fossils
39Fossil record according to Evolution
- According to Evolution
- there is one kind of living organisms in the
beginning and animals change slowly over time
(millions of years !) - The number of different kinds of animals
(species) grows slowly over a long period of time
Time
40Fossil record in reality
- Bacteria (procaryotic cells) 3,500 millions
years ago - Complex (eucaryotic cells) 2,000 millions
years ago - Multicellular animals (jelly fish) 670 millions
years ago - Shell-bearing animals (insects) 540 millions
years ago - Vertebrates (simple fishes) 490 millions
years ago - Amphibians (frogs) 350 millions
years ago - Reptiles (lizards) 310
millions years ago - Mammals 200
millions years ago - Nonhuman primates 60 millions
years ago - Earliest apes 25
millions years ago - Modern humans 0.15 millions
years ago
Over 100,000 species of insects appeared suddenly
41Fossil Record in Reality
- We find the fossils buried in the rock layers
this way - Before a certain period (Cambrium layer), there
is only fossils from a few species (simple
animals) - After this period, fossils from all kinds of
animals appear within a few million years (very
short for evolution) - Scientists call this Cambrium explosion
Time
42What does the Fossil record tell us ?
- According the evolution, number of species in
fossil record changes slowly - Actual fossils show thousands of different kinds
of insects appear at the about same time ! - The Fossil Record better supports creation
- All the fossils of species found have well-formed
features (complete wings) - Many species appear within a short time like
someone designed them all at once !
43Evidence for Natural Selection moths
- Lighter-colored moths resting on dark tree barks
can be easily spotted by birds and eaten
44Natural selection confirmed fact
- Good news for the Theory of Evolution
- Natural selection is a (the only) fact that is
confirmed by scientific evidence - Yes, animals do change to survive
- BUT !!!...
45The truth about natural selection
- Natural selection is not the same thing as
evolution - Natural selection can make small changes (shape
and color) within one animal specie - Natural selection cannot change one specie into
another - Color change in a moth does not change the moth
into a butterfly or bee !!! - Evidence for natural selection is NOT evidence
for evolution !!!
46Making new animals the great fly experiment
- Starting in 1906, for more than 40 years, Thomas
Hunt Morgan, a Columbia University zoologist
tried to create a new type of animal from fruit
flies - Fruit flies were ideal because their eggs hatch
in 12 short days ideal for evolution experiment - Morgan used X-rays on the flies to speed up
mutations (changes in cells)
?
X-ray
47Result of the Fruit Fly experiment
Bar eyes
Vestigial wings
Curled wings
Extra wings (immobile)
- The fruit fly never became anything but a fruit
fly - Result does NOT support the theory (guess) that
one kind of animal can change into another kind !
48Is Life Designed or Evolved ?
- Morse code
- A .- B -... C -.-. D -.. E
. F ..-. - Combination of short and long pulse identify a
unique letter - To send the word bad in Morse code
- - .- -..
- dee dot dot dot dot dee dee dot dot
- Morse code was designed by intelligent life forms
(humans) for communication (this was before the
telephone was invented)
49Is Life Designed or Evolved ?
- Remember that a protein molecule is made up of a
number of different amino-acid molecules? - Different sequence of amino-acid molecules will
make a different protein - How does your body know which amino-acid molecule
to pick to make the right protein ?
Genetic CODE !
Just like Morse code !!!
Every 3 base molecule in DNA (gene) identifies
one amino-acid molecule in a protein
50Created or Evolved ?
- Some things in nature are almost impossible to
have been built without any intelligent maker - Suppose you see the following contraption
- Would you believe it came about by itself ?
51Is Life Created or Evolved ?
- E. Coli bacteria are one-cell creatures that have
a very ingenious motion mechanism - They have a flagellum (wip-like tail) that
rotates around like a propeller - This propeller is driven by a molecular
electrical engine that can revolve 20,000 RPM
(car engines cant go faster than 8000 RPM)
Humans cant make engines so small. Can this
ingenious machine come about by itself ?
52Summary
- The Theory of Evolution is being taught in school
text books as if it is true - But many researchers in universities are finding
problems with this theory - Many evidence that evolutionists used to support
the Theory of Evolution are untrue - Only natural selection (change to survive better)
is supported by evidence - Evolution is not a proven theory !