THE KNEE - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 34
About This Presentation
Title:

THE KNEE

Description:

THE KNEE KNEE ANATOMY Bony Structures: Femur thighbone Tibia larger shinbone Fibula smaller shinbone Patella: Provides anterior protection and increased ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:27
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 35
Provided by: Sven56
Category:
Tags: knee | the | knee

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: THE KNEE


1
THE KNEE
2
KNEE ANATOMY
  • Bony Structures
  • Femur thighbone
  • Tibia larger shinbone
  • Fibula smaller shinbone
  • Patella Provides anterior protection and
    increased leverage with knee extension

3
KNEE ANATOMY
  • Menisci Medial and Lateral
  • Absorbs shock
  • Provides stability to the knee
  • Disperses lubrication synovial fluid
  • Poor blood supply, no nerves or lymphatic
    channels almost impossible to heal itself

4
KNEE ANATOMY
  • Stabilizing Ligaments
  • Cruciate Ligaments
  • ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament)
  • PCL (Posterior Cruciate Ligament)
  • Join the femur to the tibia in the center of the
    knee joint
  • Provides large degree of stability for the knee
    joint
  • Function To prevent the femur and tibia from
    sliding and rotating away from each other

5
KNEE ANATOMY
  • Stabilizing Ligaments
  • Collateral Ligaments
  • Medial Collateral Ligament
  • Lateral Collateral Ligament
  • Function To prevent excessive sideways bending
    of the femur and tibia/fibula

6
ACUTE KNEE INJURIES
  • Include ligament strains (most common), cartilage
    tears, kneecap dislocations, kneecap fractures
  • May be caused by a twist of the knee that forces
    the bones of the joint to separate (i.e. changing
    directions or rapidly decelerating when running)
  • Symptoms Immediate pain, swelling and
    instability

7
ACL SPRAIN
  • ACL sprain is a stretch, tear, or complete
    rupture of the ligament
  • Cause
  • A violent knee twist, usually when the foot is
    fixed in place (as when cleats are stuck in the
    ground) and the upper leg and/or body is rotated

8
ACL SPRAIN
  • Symptoms
  • Immediate pain and a pop at the time of the
    injury
  • A sensation as if the knee is coming apart
  • Immediate dysfunction and instability followed by
    swelling
  • Athlete will not be able to walk without
    assistance

9
ACL SPRAIN
  • Athletes at Risk
  • Primarily those involved in contact sports or any
    sport where there are rapid changes of direction
    when running (i.e. football, basketball, soccer,
    field hockey)

10
ACL SPRAIN
  • Concerns
  • The Terrible Triad - The medial collateral
    ligament and medial meniscus are often injured
    along with the ACL

11
ACL SPRAIN
  • Recovery Time
  • If surgery is required, nine to twelve months of
    rehabilitation is necessary before the athlete
    can resume vigorous activities, though it may be
    possible to start light running or cycling in
    three months.

12
MENISCUS INJURIES
  • Involves damage to one or both of the two flat,
    crescent-shaped pieces of cartilage that lie in
    the knee joint between the femur and the tibia
  • Medial meniscus (inner knee) is five times more
    likely to be injured than the lateral meniscus
    (outer knee)
  • Meniscus injuries almost never heal by
    themselves, therefore, surgery is often required

13
MENISCUS INJURIES
  • Cause
  • Excessive twisting, turning, and compression of
    the knee joint, possibly preceded by a single
    small tear that worsens over time.

14
MENISCUS INJURIES
  • Symptoms
  • Onset of symptoms is usually gradual
  • Pain on the inner side of the knee joint during
    sports
  • Pain when pressing on the joint line on the
    inner side of the knee
  • Clicking or locking in the joint (caused by the
    torn portion of the meniscus catching on the end
    of the femur)

15
MENISCUS INJURIES
  • Concerns
  • Left untreated, a torn meniscus may worsen to the
    point where the entire meniscus has to be removed
    instead of just repaired.

16
MENISCUS INJURIES
  • Recovery Time
  • After arthroscopic surgery, the athlete can
    expect to return to activities that put
    rotational stress on the knee joint within four
    to eight weeks afterwards
  • Strengthening exercises for the muscles of the
    thigh should continue even after the athlete
    returns to sports

17
OVERUSE INJURIES
  • Include meniscus wear tear, kneecap wear
    tear, tendonitis conditions, and bursitis
  • Onset of symptoms is gradual
  • Caused by excessive sports activity, but often
    have an underlying risk factor
  • Risk factors are either internal or external

18
RISK FACTORS
  • Internal
  • Usually involve deficits in strength and
    flexibility of the surrounding muscles, tendons,
    and ligaments
  • Also include anatomical abnormalities, such as
    leg length discrepancies, abnormalities in hip
    rotation or the position of the kneecap, bowlegs,
    knock-knee, or flat feet

19
RISK FACTORS
  • External
  • Include training errors, improper footwear, and
    improper technique
  • Key Management of Overuse Injuries EARLY
    INTERVENTION

20
PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME (PFPS)
  • Causes
  • It is believed that most kneecap pain is caused
    by problems with kneecap alignment brought on by
    various types of anatomical abnormalities or
    deficits in strength and/or flexibility
  • This misalignment can lead to damage to the back
    surface of the kneecap chondromalachia patella

21
PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME (PFPS)
  • Anatomical abnormalities contributing to PFPS
  • Flat feet
  • Thighs that turn inward from the hip
  • Q-angle greater than 15-20 degrees
  • High-riding kneecaps
  • Shallow femoral groove
  • Looseness of the quadriceps tendon

22
PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME (PFPS)
  • Strength and flexibility deficits that may
    contribute to PFPS
  • Weakness and/or tightness in the quadriceps,
    hamstrings, and calves
  • Weak inner quad muscle (vastus medialis) and a
    comparatively strong outer quad muscle (vastus
    lateralis) causing the kneecap to be pulled to
    the outside

23
PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME (PFPS)
  • Symptoms
  • Onset of symptoms is gradual
  • Usually, there is pain in front of the kneecap,
    and frequently, in both kneecaps
  • Pain may be spread out, or localized along the
    inner or outer edge of the kneecap
  • Pain intensifies during sports activity and
    ceases when participation stops
  • Usually there is no swelling, although there may
    be occasional puffiness in the knee

24
PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME (PFPS)
  • Symptoms (Contd)
  • Typically, pain develops when the person sits for
    extended periods with the knee bent (i.e. long
    car ride), as well as when walking up stairs
  • There may be an audible crunching, crackling in
    the knee
  • Athlete may complain of the knee giving way

25
PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME (PFPS)
  • Symptoms (Contd)
  • Symptoms usually intensify with increased sports
    activity levels and decrease when activity levels
    decline

26
PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME (PFPS)
  • Athletes at risk
  • Primarily those engaged in sports involving
    excessive amounts of running/squatting
  • Females gt Males
  • Concerns
  • Unlikely to clear up unless true causes are
    identified and addressed

27
PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME (PFPS)
  • Recovery Time
  • Both nonoperatively and after surgery, this
    condition takes between six to twelve weeks to
    resolve

28
PATELLAR TENDONITIS JUMPERS KNEE
  • Prevalent among athletes in jumping sports
  • An inflammation of the tendon that connects the
    tibia to the kneecap
  • One of the most common and troublesome overuse
    injuries in sports
  • Develops in three phases

29
PATELLAR TENDONITIS JUMPERS KNEE
  • Phase one (mild) Pain is felt after activity
    only and there is no effect on performance
  • Phase two (moderate) Pain is felt during and
    after activity. The athlete can perform at a
    satisfactory level.
  • Phase three (severe) Pain during and after
    activity, and it is more prolonged. Pain may be
    felt during daily activities. Sports performance
    is affected.

30
PATELLAR TENDONITIS JUMPERS KNEE
  • Causes
  • Repetitive jumping both the muscle contraction
    necessary for the push-off and the impact forces
    of the landing stress the tendon
  • Weak or inflexible thigh muscles predispose the
    athlete to this condition

31
PATELLAR TENDONITIS JUMPERS KNEE
  • Athletes at risk
  • Those engaged in sports that require dynamic
    jumping, such as basketball and volleyball, as
    well as weightlifters who perform squats
  • Concerns
  • Healing is very slow because of poor blood supply
    to tendons

32
PATELLAR TENDONITIS JUMPERS KNEE
  • Recovery Time
  • Depending on the severity, this condition can
    take anywhere from two weeks to several months to
    resolve

33
WHAT YOU CAN DO
  • Depending on the severity of the injury, it may
    be necessary to seek medical treatment as soon as
    possible

34
Questions
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com