Organ DonationTransplantation

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Organ Donation/Transplantation

• -Australia
• -United States
• -Canada

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What are the steps for organ donation???

• Diagnosis

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• Referral/Evaluation

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• Waiting
• The Call

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• Transplant
• Recovery and Survival

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• Writing to the donor family

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Canada facts

• The oldest Canadian organ donor was over 90 years
  of age while the oldest tissue donor was 102
  years old.
• Total actual organ donors in 2001 was 399, of
  those 193 were living donors.
• The total number of transplants in 2001 was 641.
  
• Living donations may be made only by persons who
  are at least 16 years old, mentally competent,
  and able to make a free and informed decision.
• Donations after death may be made by persons who
  are at least 16 years old by consenting either a)
  in writing (donor card) or b) orally in the
  presence of at least two witnesses during the
  persons last illness.

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• Death must be determined by at least two
  physicians and no physician who has had any
  association with the proposed transplant
  recipient may take part in the determination of
  death, and no physician who took part in the
  determination of death may participate in the
  transplant process.
• The need for organs continues to exceed the
  supply, thus various jurisdictions in Canada have
  tried different organ donation systems.
• The opt-out system, in which organs may be
  removed for transplantation after death unless a
  person had officially registered an objection to
  donating while he or she was alive.

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Australia organ transplant facts

• Each state pursues its own policy on local kidney
  matching, providing its own weighting scheme for
  those kidneys which do not fall into the above
  best matched groups.
• The first transplant operations commonly
  performed in Australia were corneal transplants,
  which date from the 1940s. However, the first
  organ transplants began around 1963 after medical
  advances had made kidney transplantation an
  effective treatment.
• In all, about 30,000 tissue and organ transplants
  have been performed in Australia.

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Australia continued

• In 2000, close to 200 people became organ donors
  after death, benefiting over 650 organ transplant
  recipients.
• It is estimated that currently only 1 of the
  people who die in a year might have the potential
  for organ donation. (Due to few people die in
  circumstances that allow them to donate).
• Total number of transplants that occurred in
  2000 was 673.
• There is an approximate waiting list of four
  years for a kidney transplant, one year for a
  heart transplant, and six months for a liver
  transplant.

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Australia again

• In 2000, 196 deceased people became organ donors.
  They made up 0.15 of all people who had died
  during this year.
• During 1989 and 2000, there have been 2,387
  donors (an average of 199 per year).
• Donors ranged in age from less than 1 year to 77
  years, with an average of 41 years.
• The donation rate per 1,000 deaths is 1.5.

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United Statesimportant facts

• The United States transplantation list grows five
  times faster than the rate of donation.
• Half of the people listed for an organ transplant
  will not receive one due to the shortage of
  donated organ. 16 people die each day waiting
  for live-saving organ transplants.
• A new name is added to the National Transplant
  Patient waiting list every 14 minutes.

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U.S., again

• Approximately 14 million blood donations occur
  every year in the United States. About 12
  million units of whole blood are transfused
  annually.
• It is estimated that 15,000 brain deaths occur in
  the United States each year, but only about 30
  percent of that number become organ donors.
• More than 2,200 of the patients on the national
  waiting list are children.
• In the United States, there are currently 59
  Organ Procurement Organizations across the
  country providing services to the 261 transplant
  centers.

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All countries

• Require some sort of donor card/form that must be
  signed.
• Not only must you sign a card, but your wishes
  must be known by your family.
• One donor can save the lives of up to eight
  people, a tissue donor may enhance the lives of
  more than 50 individuals.

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Organ trafficking/selling interesting facts

• All countries deal with illegal organ
  selling-buying.
• U.S. put a congressional ban on payment for
  organs in 1984.
• A kidney in turkey is approximately 2,700, while
  an Indian or Iraqi kidney pays about 1,000.
• Wealthy clients may pay up to 150,000 for a
  kidney that matches.

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• An auction on eBay in February 2000 drew a bid of
  100,000 for a human kidney, until the company
  put a stop to the bidding.
• Another auction in September 1999 drew 5.7
  million.
• Organ trafficking has become an international
  trade.
• In a single village in Moldova, 14 out of 40 men
  were forced to sell their body parts for money to
  survive and support their families.
• In Bosnia-Herzegovina sellers are offering organs
  openly, through newspaper ads. Prices reach
  about 68,000.
• In Russia, a grandmother was reported selling her
  grandson for 70,000. He was then smuggled to
  the West and there he was killed and dismembered
  for his organs.
• Organ trafficking is the outcome of the
  international ban on organ sales and live donor
  organs. Thus, whereever there is a demand there
  is a market.

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Organ trafficking is the outcome of the
international ban on organ sales and live donor
organs. Thus, where ever there is a demand there
is a market.
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