Phylum Arthropoda

1
Phylum Arthropoda

• Segmented body.
• Paired segmented appendages.
• Bilateral symmetry.
• Chitinous exoskeleton.
• Tubular alimentary canal with mouth and anus.

2
Phylum Arthropoda

• Open circulatory system, a tubular dorsal blood
  vessel.
• Body cavity or coelom.
• Nervous system of anterior ganglia and paired
  nerve cords.
• Striated muscles in skeletal system.
• Respiration by gills, tracheae, or spiracle.

3
Phylum Arthropoda

• Insects
• Arachnids (spiders, ticks, mites, etc.)
• Crustaceans
• Millipedes
• Centipedes

Cottonwood Leaf Beetle,Chrysomela scripta
CUES, http//www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/IPM-turf/
sodwebworms.htm
Sod Webworm Moth, Crambus sp.
4
Class Crustacea Crabs, lobsters, sowbugs

• Two main body sections.
• Five to seven pairs of legs.
• Twopairs ofantennae.
• Simpleeyes.

O.F.A.H.http//www.invadingspecies.com/
Crayfish
5
Class Crustacea Crabs, lobsters, sowbugs
Pillbugs
6
Class Chilopoda Centipedes

• One pair of legs per body segment.
• Flattened body.
• First pair of legs modified as venomous fangs.
• Nocturnal predators.
• Few are dangerous to humans.

Garden Centipede,Lithobius forficatus
Department of Entomology,University of
Nebraska-Lincoln
7
Class Chilopoda Centipedes
Georgia ForestryCommission ArchivesGeorgia
ForestryCommissionwww.forestryimages.org
Fangs of Scolopendrid Centipede (above)House
Centipede,Scutigera coleoptrata (right)
Department of Entomology,University of
Nebraska-Lincoln
8
Class Diplopoda Millipedes

• Two pairs of legs per body segment.
• Cylindrical body.
• Feed ondecayingplantmaterial.
• Nocturnal.
• Harmless.

Emily G. Tenczar
Pet African Giant Millipedes
9
Class Diplopoda Millipedes
Photos by William Leonard, Tree of Life Web
Project, http//tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html
10
Class Arachnida Spiders, ticks, mites,
harvestman, scorpions, etc.
Tick
Mite
Yellow Garden Spider
11
Class Arachnida
Ronald F. BillingsTexas Forest
Servicewww.forestryimages.org

• Mouthparts are calledchelicerae.
• Most contain venom.
• Antennae are absent.

Blacklegged Tick, Ixodes scapularis
Yellow Garden Spider,Argiope aurantia
Scott Bauer, USDA Agricultural Research Service,
www.insectimages.org
12
Class ArachnidaOrder Araneae Spiders

• Two body regions(cephalothorax, abdomen).
• Fangs (chelicerae), mostare venomous.
• Most are not dangerous.
• Most make webs.

David Cappaert, www.insectimages.org
Jumping Spider, Phidippus audax
13
Class ArachnidaOrder Araneae Spiders
David Keith, Department of EntomologyUniversity
of Nebraska-Lincoln
Crab Spider,Misumenoides formosipes
Wolf Spider,Lycosa carolinensis
James O. Howell, The University of Georgia,
www.forestryimages.org
14
Class ArachnidaOrder Opiliones Harvestman
(Daddy Longlegs)

• One apparent bodyregion.
• Abdomen andcephalothorax short.
• Common and harmless.

Leiobunum sp.
Joseph Berger, www.insectimages.org
15
Class ArachnidaOrder Scorpiones Scorpions

• Long tail with sting.
• Pedipalps are modifiedas pinchers.
• Most scorpion stingsare no worse than
  beestings only a minorityof species
  arepotentially dangerous.

E. Tenczar
Striped Bark Scorpion, Centruroides
vittatus,gravid female from Texas
16
Class ArachnidaOrder Scorpiones Scorpions
E. Tenczar
E. Tenczar
Emperor Scorpion,Pandinus imperator,female
eating cockroach, native to West Africa
Northern Desert Hairy Scorpion, Hadrurus spadix,
native to US
17
Class ArachnidaOrder Scorpiones Scorpions
E. Tenczar
Arizona Bark Scorpion, Centruroides exilicauda,
mating
18
Class ArachnidaOrder Scorpiones Scorpions
E. Tenczar
E. Tenczar
Flat Rock Scorpion,Hadogenes troglodytes,female,
native toSouth Africa
Lined Devil Scorpion,Vaejovis spinigerus,female
from Arizona with young
19
Class ArachnidaOrder Scorpiones Scorpions
E. Tenczar
Slenderbrown Bark Scorpion,Centruroides
gracilis,male from Central America
E. Tenczar
Pandinus imperator scorpions glow under UV/
black light
20
Class ArachnidaOrder Scorpiones Scorpions
E. Tenczar
E. Tenczar
Black Thick-Tailed Scorpion, Parabuthus
transvaalicus, a highly venomous species native
to South Africa
21
Class Arachnida Order Acari Ticks

• Ticks have two body regions.
• Young have six legs, adults have eight.

Jim Occi, BugPics, www.insectimages.org
Blacklegged Tick, Ixodes scapularis
22
Class ArachnidaOrder Acari Chiggers

• Attach to skin using twoclaws.
• Two blade-like beaks enterthe skin.

Chigger Bites on Human
23
Class ArachnidaOrder Acari Mites

• Mites have only one noticeable body region.

24
Mites

• Egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph, adult.
• Four pair legs three pairs on larvae.
• Two body segments head, thorax.
• Chelicerae fangs like spiders.
• Suck cells.
• Cause chlorosis yellowing of foliage.
• Transmit disease.
• Diagnostics chlorosis, webbing, rusetting, galls.

25
Mites

• Female round abdomen
• Male pointed abdomen

26
Warm/Cool Season Mites

• Warm season
• Twospotted spider mite
• European red mite
• Bulb mite

Jack Kelly Clark, University of
Californiahttp//www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/T/I-AC-T
SPP-AD.022.html
Twospotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae
27
Mites in the Greenhouse

• Family Tetranychidae
• Twospotted spider mite
• Lewis mite
• Family Tarsonemidae
• Cyclamen mite

CUEShttp//www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/inter/inmi
ne/Mitesc.html
Cyclamen Mite
28
Mites in the Landscape

• Family Eriophyidae gall or vagrant mites
• Family Tetranychidae spider mites
• Family Tarsonemidae cyclamen/broad mites
• Family Phytoseiidae predatory mites
• Family Acaridae bulb mite
• Family Oribatidae soil mites

Broad Mite
CUES, http//www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/inter/inm
ine/Mitesc.html
29
Family Phytoseiidae Predatory mites
Predatory mites Phytoseiulus persimilis
30
Family Tetranychidae Spider mites
Clover Mite, Bryobia praetiosa

• Found in turf.

31
Epiclass HexapodaInsects, springtails,
diplurans, proturans

• Three distinct bodyregions head,
  thorax,abdomen.
• One pair antenna.
• One pair of mandibles.

Japanese Beetle,Popillia japonica
32
Class EntognathaOrder Diplura Diplurans
David R. Maddison, Tree of Life Web
Projecthttp//tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html

• Ametabolous simplemetamorphosis.
• Two caudal filaments.
• Compound eyes.
• Antennae.
• Wingless adults.

33
Class EntognathaOrder Collembola Springtails

• Ametabolous simple metamorphosis.
• Furcula or fork-like springing structures.
• Simple eyes.
• Antennae.
• Wingless adults.

David R. Maddison, Tree of Life Web
Projecthttp//tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html
34
Class EntognathaOrder Protura Proturans

• Ametaboloussimplemetamorphosis.
• No eyes.
• No antennae.
• Very small.

David R. Maddison, Tree of Life Web
Projecthttp//tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html
35
Class Insecta Insects

• Protruding mouthparts, unlike non-insect
  hexapods.

David Cappaert, www.insectimages.org
Milkweed Leaf Beetle, Labidomera clivicollis
36
Class InsectaOrder Thysanura Silverfish

• Ametabolous simple metamorphosis.
• Three tail-like appendages.
• Body flattened and covered with scales.
• Wingless adults.
• .

Lepisma saccharina
Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension
Slide Serieswww.insectimages.org
37
Class Insecta Pterygota Winged Insects

• Most adult forms have wings.
• Hemimetabolous,

Polyphemus Moth, Antheraea polyphemus
38
Class InsectaOrder Ephemeroptera Mayflies
Tree of Life Web Project http//tolweb.org/tree/ph
ylogeny.html

• Hemimetabolousmetamorphosissimple, incomplete.
• Winged adults live for a day.
• Wings at rest held over body.
• 2-3 caudal filaments.

39
Class InsectaOrder Odonata Dragonflies and
damselflies

• Hemimetabolous metamorphosis simple, incomplete.
• Toothed mandibles (chewing mouthparts).

David Cappaert, www.insectimages.org
Damselfly
40
Class Insecta Pterygota, Neoptera

• These insects can fold their wings back over the
  body.
• .

Green Stink Bug, Acrosternum hilare
David Cappaert, www.insectimages.org
41
Class InsectaOrder Plecoptera Stoneflies

• Hemimetabolous metamorphosissimple, incomplete.
• Folded wings.
• Winged adults.

Triznaka signata adult (top), Perlesta
decipiensnymph (bottom)
C. Riley Nelson Tree of Life Web
Projecthttp//tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html
42
Class Insecta Pterygota, NeopteraPaurometabolou
s/gradual Metamorphosis

• Walkingsticks
• Grasshoppers and crickets
• Mantids

• Stoneflies
• Lice
• True Bugs

43
Class InsectaOrder Phasmatodea Walkingsticks

• Paurametabolous metamorphosis gradual.
• Winged adults.
• Chewing mouthparts.
• .

Herbert A. "Joe" Pase III, Texas Forest Service,
www.insectimages.org
Anisomorpha sp.
44
Class Insecta Order Orthoptera Grasshoppers,
katydids, and crickets

• Paurametabolousmetamorphosis gradual.
• Straight wings.
• Winged adults.
• .

Redlegged Grasshopper,Melanoplus femurrubrum
Russ Ottens, The University of Georgia
www.insectimages.org
45
Class InsectaOrder Mantodea Mantids
Clemson Universityhttp//entweb.clemson.edu/cuent
res/cesheets/benefici/ce178.htm

• Paurametabolousmetamorphosisgradual.
• Winged adults.
• Chewing mouthparts.

Praying Mantis
46
Class InsectaOrder Blattaria Cockroaches

• Paurametabolous metamorphosis gradual.
• Winged adults.
• Chewing mouthparts.
• .

Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension
Slide Series www.insectimages.org
American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana
47
Class InsectaOrder Isoptera Termites

• Paurametabolousmetamorphosisgradual.
• Equal wings.
• Winged adults.
• Chewingmouthparts.
• .

Gerald J. Lenhard, www.insectimages.org
Formosan Subterranean Termite,Coptotermes
formosanus
48
Class InsectaOrder Dermaptera Earwigs

• Paurametabolous metamorphosis gradual.
• Skin-like front wings.
• Winged adults.
• .

Striped Earwig,Labidura riparia
Joseph Berger, www.insectimages.org
49
Class Insecta Order Phthiraptera (Mallophaga and
Anoplura) Lice

• Paurametabolous metamorphosis gradual.
• Wingless adults.
• Chewing or suckingmouthparts.

Sucking Louse,Haematopinus eurysternus
Iowa State University''s Entomology Image Gallery
50
Class Insecta Order HemipteraSuborder
Heteroptera True bugsSuborder Sternorrhyncha
Aphids, whiteflies, scalesSuborder
Auchenorrhyncha Cicadas, hoppers

• Paurametabolous metamorphosis gradual.
• Usually winged adults.
• Sucking mouthparts.
• Nymphs and adults in same habitat.

51
Class Insecta Order HemipteraSuborder
Heteroptera True bugs

• Most bugs feed on plants.
• Some are predaceous.

CUES, http//www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/dx/vk/fou
rbug.htm
CUEShttp//www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/dx/vk/whit
emark.htm
Predaceous Stink Bug attacking caterpillar
Fourlined Plant Bug, Poecilocapsus lineatus
52
Order Hemiptera Suborder Sternorrhyncha Soft
Scale (formerly in Order Homoptera)
Gerald J. Lenhard, www.insectimages.org
Summer Male
Summer Female and Crawlers
Tuliptree Scale,Toumeyella liriodendri Linden,
walnut
53
Order Hemiptera Suborder Sternorrhyncha Armored
Scale (formerly in Order Homoptera)
Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension
Slide Series, www.insectimages.org
Euonymus Scale, Unaspis euonymi
54
Order Hemiptera Suborder Auchenorhyncha Cicadas,
hoppers (formerly Order Homoptera)
Spittlebug
Leafhopper
55
Class Insecta Order Thysanoptera Thrips
Alton N. Sparks, Jr., The University of Georgia,
www.insectimages.org

• Paurametabolousmetamorphosisgradual.
• Fringe-winged.
• Winged adults.

Onion Thrips, Thrips tabaci
56
Class Insecta Pterygota, Neoptera,
Endopterygota Holometabolous/complete
metamorphosis

• Lacewings
• Beetles
• Scorpionflies
• Fleas
• Flies

Herbert A. "Joe" Pase III, Texas Forest Service,
www.insectimages.org
Forest Tent Caterpillars, Malacosoma disstria
57
Class Insecta Order NeuropteraLacewings,
antlions, owlflies
Bradley Higbee, Paramount Farming,
www.insectimages.org
Green Lacewing, Chrysoperla sp., Adult (left) and
Larva (right)
58
Class Insecta Order NeuropteraLacewings,
antlions, owlflies

• Holometabolous metamorphosis complete.
• Nerve-winged.
• Winged adults.

59
Class InsectaOrder Coleoptera Beetles
Japanese Beetle,Popillia japonica, Adult
(left)and Scarab Larva (below)
60
Class InsectaOrder Coleoptera Beetles

• Holometabolous metamorphosis complete.
• Hardened forewings (elytra).
• Winged adults.

61
Class InsectaOrder Mecoptera Scorpionflies
University of Minnesotahttp//www.entomology.umn.
edu

• Holometabolousmetamorphosiscomplete.
• Long wings.
• Winged adults.

62
Class InsectaOrder Siphonoptera Fleas
David R. Maddison, Tree of Life Web
Projecthttp//tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html

• Holometabolousmetamorphosiscomplete.
• Wingless adults.
• Sucking mouthparts.

Oriental Rat Flea, Xenopsylla cheopis
63
Class InsectaOrder Diptera Flies
Michigan State Universityhttp//www.msue.msu.edu/
vanburen/fappmag.htm
Fly Larva (maggot)
Tachinid Fly Adult
64
Class InsectaOrder Diptera Flies

• Holometabolous metamorphosis complete.
• Winged adults.
• 2nd pair of wings are halteres.
• Larvae and adults often in same habitat.

65
Class InsectaOrder Trichoptera Caddisflies

• Holometabolousmetamorphosiscomplete.
• Winged adults.
• Aquatic larvaeconstruct and livein tubes.

David Funk
Tree of Lifehttp//tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html
James C. Hodges, Jr.
Caddisfly Adult (top) and Larvae (bottom)
66
Class InsectaOrder Lepidoptera Moths and
butterflies
Cankerworm Larvae (right)and Adult (below)
CUEShttp//www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/dx/vk/cank
er.htm
67
Class InsectaOrder Lepidoptera Moths and
butterflies

• Holometabolous metamorphosis complete.
• Winged adults.
• Larvae and adults not similar in appearance.

68
Class InsectaOrder Hymenoptera Sawflies,
wasps,bees, ants
John H. GhentUSDA Forest Servicewww.forestryimag
es.org
CUES, http//www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/dx/sk/pin
e11.htm
Introduced Pine Sawfly, Diprion similis, Adults
(left) and Larva (right)
69
Class InsectaOrder Hymenoptera Sawflies,
wasps, bees, ants

• Holometabolous metamorphosis complete.
• Membranous wings.
• Winged adults.