PHYLUM ARTHROPODA

1
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA IV. Class Insecta H.
Order Diptera true flies holometabolous
1. Black fly (Simulium) vector for Onchocerca
volvulus
2
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA IV. Class Insecta H.
Order Diptera true flies holometabolous
2. Sand flies Phlebotomus Lutzomyia vector
for Leishmania
3
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA IV. Class Insecta H.
Order Diptera true flies holometabolous
3. Tse tse fly Glossina vector for Trpanosoma
brucei group
4
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA IV. Class Insecta H.
Order Diptera true flies holometabolous
4. Mosquitoes a. Culex equine
encephalitis Wucheraria bancrofti (Aedes,
Mansonia, Anopheles) Dirofilaria immitis
5
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA IV. Class Insecta H.
Order Diptera true flies holometabolous
4. Mosquitoes b. Aedes yellow fever,
hemorrhagic fever
6
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA IV. Class Insecta H.
Order Diptera true flies holometabolous
4. Mosquitoes c. Anopheles Plasmodium
7
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA IV. Class Insecta H.
Order Diptera true flies holometabolous
5. Horse Fly Tabanus transmits Trypanosoma
evansi (surra)
8
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA IV. Class Insecta H.
Order Diptera true flies holometabolous
6. Deer fly Chrysops vector for Loa loa
9
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA IV. Class Insecta H.
Order Diptera true flies holometabolous
7. eye gnats transmit pink eye
(conjunctivitis viral bacterial)
bovine mastitis
10
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA IV. Class Insecta H.
Order Diptera true flies holometabolous
8. House fly Musca domestica mechanical
transmission of typhoid cholera polio
hepatitis salmonella leprosy anthrax
tuberculosis helminth eggs
11
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA IV. Class Insecta H.
Order Diptera true flies holometabolous
9. Sheep ked Melophagus ovinus
12
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA IV. Class Insecta H.
Order Diptera true flies holometabolous
10. Flies causing myiasis infestation with
maggots facultative myiasis parasitism not
required for completion of life
cycle obligate myiasis parasitism required
for life cycle
13
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA IV. Class Insecta H.
Order Diptera true flies holometabolous
10. Flies causing myiasis infestation with
maggots a. Phaneicia (blow flies
bottle flies filth flies) wool strike
14
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA IV. Class Insecta H.
Order Diptera true flies holometabolous
10. Flies causing myiasis infestation with
maggots b. Lucilia (blow flies bottle
flies filth flies)
produce allantoin
15
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA IV. Class Insecta H.
Order Diptera true flies holometabolous
10. Flies causing myiasis infestation with
maggots b. Lucilia medical myiasis
maggot therapy (Sherman et al. 2000 Annual
Review of Entomology 45 55-81)
For hundreds of years the beneficial effects of
maggots on wound healing have been documented
1. The systemic use of maggots in patients
started in the late 1920s by William Baer, who
successfully applied them to patients with
osteomyelitis 2 and rapidly thereafter the use
of maggots for treating wounds became widespread.
However, by the mid-1940s maggot therapy was
abandoned due to the introduction of antibiotics
and improved surgical techniques. In the 1980s,
maggot therapy made its comeback with the
emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and
nowadays larvae of the green bottle blowfly
Lucilia sericata are used worldwide for the
treatment of many types of wounds, including
venous ulcers 3, traumatic and post-surgical
wounds 4, osteomyelitis 5 and burns 6. The
molecules involved in the beneficial effects of
maggots are believed to be contained in their
excretions/secretions (ES). Clinical observations
indicate that in addition to removal of necrotic
tissue, maggots promote wound healing, especially
in wounds that show little tendency to heal.
16
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA IV. Class Insecta H.
Order Diptera true flies holometabolous
10. Flies causing myiasis infestation with
maggots b. Lucilia medical myiasis
maggot therapy
17
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA IV. Class Insecta H.
Order Diptera true flies holometabolous
10. Flies causing myiasis infestation with
maggots b. Lucilia medical myiasis
maggot therapy
18
Gangrenous ulcers


2 weeks maggot therapy
3 mos. post-treatment
Pre-treatment
19
Foot ulcer 70 yr. old man


20
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA IV. Class Insecta H.
Order Diptera true flies holometabolous
10. Flies causing myiasis infestation with
maggots c. Cochliomyia screw worm
21
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA IV. Subphylum Uniramia H.
Order Diptera true flies holometabolous
10. Flies causing myiasis infestation with
maggots c. Cochliomyia screw worm
sterile male release program
22
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA IV. Class Insecta H.
Order Diptera true flies holometabolous
10. Flies causing myiasis infestation with
maggots d. Gasterophilus stomach bot
of cattle
23
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA IV. Class Insecta H.
Order Diptera true flies holometabolous
10. Flies causing myiasis infestation with
maggots e. Hypoderma warble fly gad
fly cattle grub
24
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA IV. Subphylum Uniramia H.
Order Diptera true flies holometabolous
10. Flies causing myiasis infestation with
maggots f. Oestrus ovis sheep nasal
bot
25
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA IV. Class Insecta H.
Order Diptera true flies holometabolous
10. Flies causing myiasis infestation with
maggots g. Cuterebra skin bot
26
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA IV. Class Insecta H.
Order Diptera true flies holometabolous
10. Flies causing myiasis infestation with
maggots h. Cordylobia anthropophaga
African Tumbu fly
27
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA IV. Class Insects H.
Order Diptera true flies holometabolous
10. Flies causing myiasis infestation with
maggots i. Dermatobia human skin bot
28
these images are in fact real and undoctored,
and they are indeed photographs taken of a
patient whose brain surface was exposed and
crawling with insects. The pictures date from
October 2002, and they are photographs of a man
in his 70s who was suffering from an unusual form
of cancer which had eaten away at the upper
portion of his skull and scalp but who had not
sought any medical treatment because the
condition was not causing him pain. The man was
brought to the trauma center at Stanford
University Hospital (where the photographs shown
here were taken) by San Mateo County paramedics
who had been summoned to the scene after the man
was involved in a minor automobile accident and
who found him in his car in the condition
pictured.