SWIMMING POOL HEALTH

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SWIMMING POOL HEALTH SAFETY

• Gary Barnes, RS

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Why test pool water?

• Essential part of both Public Health and the
  general maintenance and life of the Pool.
• To assure both, the pool operator must do a
  number of simple water tests.

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Maintenance Good Health

• Poor maintenance of the pool may lead to low
  levels of disinfectant (chlorine) and clogged
  filters that may place swimmers at risk for
  diarrheal diseases and skin, ear, and upper
  respiratory infections.

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DISEASE TRANSMISSION

• EYE INFECTIONS
• EAR INFECTIONS
• SKIN INFECTIONS
• CONJUNCTIVITIS
• VARIOUS FEVERS
• E. Coli 0157H7

EYE IRRITATION CAUSED BY IMPROPERLY BALANCED POOL.
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Sources of Contamination

• Body discharges such as mucous from the nose,
  saliva, sweat, fecal matter, urine, dead skin.
• Street and workplace soil, body lotions, suntan
  creams, dust, pollen, air pollutants, animals
  droppings, insects.

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EXCLUDED!

• Persons with sore or inflamed eyes, colds, nasal
  or ear discharge, boils, or other acute or
  obvious skin or body infections, or cuts shall be
  excluded from the pool.

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EXCLUDED!
ANIMALS ARE EXCLUDED FROM THE POOL.
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EXCLUDED!
ANIMALS ARE EXCLUDED FROM THE POOL.
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FECAL ACCIDENTS

• Fecal accidents can release large amounts of
  contaminated material into a pool or spa at one
  time.
• Every pool needs an established procedure.

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FECAL ACCIDENTS

• MOST DIARRHEAL OUTBREAKS IN POOLS APPEAR TO BE
  RELATED TO ACCIDENTAL FECAL CONTAMINATION OF THE
  WATER BY SOMEONE WHO IS ILL WITH DIARRHEA.

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FECAL ACCIDENTS

• EXAMPLES OF DISEASE ORGANISMS
• Cryptosporidium parvum
• E. coli 0157H7
• Giardia lamblia
• Shigella

Giardia lamblia
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Cryptosporidium

• Major germ that causes outbreaks.
• Extreme chlorine resistance.
• Small size.
• Will challenge even the best equipped and
  maintained pool.

Crypto in human intestine
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E. coli 0157H7

• Rare occurrence in chlorinated pools.
• Only two reported to Centers For Disease Control.
• High profile cases because of deaths associated
  with incidents.

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Germ-resistance to Chlorine

• Disinfection Times for Fecal Contaminants
• E.coli ltlt 1 minute
• Hepatitis A 16 minutes
• Giardia 20-45 minutes
• Crypto 9600 minutes
• 1 mg / L (1 ppm) chlorine, pH 7.5 /25 C

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FECAL ACCIDENTS

• CLOSE THE POOL!
• Remove as much feces as possible.
• Disinfect CT value of 9600 (where C
  chlorine and Ttime)
• Monitor hourly.
• Recirculate continuously
• Low volume drain disinfect
• Proper pH and chlorine to reopen.

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Part IISWIMMING POOL DROWNINGS

• Gary Barnes, RS

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LIFEGUARDS

• THE CODE DOES NOT REQUIRE LIFEGUARDS TO BE ON
  DUTY IN SEMIPUBLIC POOLS

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DROWNINGS

• Children under 5 yrs
• Unsupervised
• Cannot swim
• Fall into a pool or pool cover with water on top

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DROWNINGS

• 75 Between 1 3 Yrs. old.
• Toddlers - Behavior change.
• 69 not expected to be near the pool, yet later
  found in the water.
• 20 Seconds to drown. Less time than it takes to
  answer the phone
• 75 Missing from sight for less than 5 minutes.

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DROWNING - NUMBERS

• 300 CHILDREN UNDER 5 YR OLD IN RESIDENTAL POOLS.
• 2,000 CHILDREN TREATED IN EMERGENCY ROOMS FOR
  POOL RELATED ACCIDENTS

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DROWNINGS - COST

• 2,000 FOR A VICTIM WHO RECOVERS.
• 80,000 FOR VICTIM WITH BRAIN DAMAGE.
• THREAT OF LAWSUITS AND MILLIONS

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DROWNINGS

• FOR A CHILD, DROWNING IS NOT ACCOMPANIED BY LOUD
  NOISE OR SPLASHING.
• DROWNING IS SILENT!

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DROWNING

• TO PREVENT CHILD DROWNINGS, THERE IS NO
  SUBSTITUTE FOR PARENTAL SUPERVISION.
• THE BUDDY SYSTEM OF TWO CHILDREN DOES NOT
  WORK!!!

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DROWNINGS

• Second largest category is male teens.
• Drinking and diving
• End up in a wheelchair, if lucky.
• Alcohol and spas are a deady combination hot
  water and liquor sleep drownings in only
  three feet of water.

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DROWNINGS
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DROWNINGS

• Pools spas are an attractive nuisance
• Permanent barrier to entry.
• Non-climbable, self-closing, self-latching. Gate
  locked when not in use.
• Do not place chairs / tables so that child can
  climb over.
• Sight lines to monitor the pool.

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DROWNINGS

• Standing water of top of pool covers.
• Cover pumps or mesh safety cover.
• Solar blankets or solid covers removed.
• Entrapment by the suction of a single main drain.
• Entrapment of hair, small arms, legs.

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PREVENTION

• VISUAL SUPERVISION OF POOL.
• PHONE NEAR POOL NUMBERS.
• RESCUE EQUIPMENT.
• DO NOT ALLOW CHILDREN TO PLAY NEAR THE POOL.
• HAVE STAFF TAKE CPR CLASS.
• INFORM YOUR GUESTS.

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Part IIISWIMMING POOL CHEMICAL SAFETY

• Gary Barnes, RS

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TRANSPORTING CHEMICALS

• KEEP VEHICLE CLEAN ORGANIZED.
• SEPARATE INCOMPATIBLE CHEMICALS
• DONT PURCHASE DAMAGED CONTAINERS
• ANCHOR LOAD.
• OBTAIN THE MSDS KEEP HAZMAT INFO IN THE
  VEHICLE.

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MSDS
INTERNET ACCESS TO THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATASHEETS
- - THE VERMONT SIRI MSDS COLLECTION
http//siri.org/msds/index.html
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CHEMICAL STORAGE

• STORE IN A COOL, DRY, WELL VENTILATED AREA WITH A
  LOCKED ENTRY. DO NOT SET OUTSIDE IN THE SUN.
• DO NOT STACK CHEMICAL CONTAINERS ON TOP ONE
  ANOTHER.
• KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

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CHEMICAL STORAGE

• KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN!
• DUH!

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CHEMICAL STORAGE

• KEEP CHEMICALS SEPARATE. VIOLENT REACTIONS SUCH
  AS EXPLOSIONS, FIRE, OR NOXIOUS GAS PRODUCTION
  CAN OCCUR WHEN INCOMPATIBLE CHEMICALS CONTACT ONE
  ANOTHER.
• REPLACE LIDS AND CAPS FIRMLY AND IMMEDIATELY
  AFTER OPENING.

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CHEMICAL STORAGE

• NEVER MIX CHEMICALS TOGETHER!
• BE CAREFUL OF HOW YOU DISPOSE OF LEFTOVER
  CHEMICALS.

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CHEMICAL STORAGE

• POST THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATASHEETS AND EMERGENCY
  INFORMATION AND PHONE NUMBERS NEARBY--ALL STAFF
  SHOULD KNOW WHERE TO FIND.

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USING POOL CHEMICALS

• FOLLOW LABEL DIRECTIONS.
• READ THE INSTRUCTIONS!
• IF THE LABEL IS FADED OR TORN, DONT GUESS - - -
  RETURN IT TO YOUR DEALER.

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USING POOL CHEMICALS

• ADD CHEMICALS TO POOL WATER, NOT THE OTHER WAY
  AROUND.
• READ THE INSTRUCTIONS

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USING POOL CHEMICALS

• ADD DIRECTLY TO THE POOL OR THROUGH A FEEDER
  DESIGNED FOR THAT CHEMICAL.
• CHEMICALS ADDED DIRECTLY TO THE SKIMMER COULD
  ALLOW STRONG CONCENTRATIONS TO HARM EQUIPMENT OR
  SWIMMERS.

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USING POOL CHEMICALS
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USING POOL CHEMICALS
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USING POOL CHEMICALS

• ALWAYS USE A CLEAN BUCKET AND SCOOP DESIGNATED
  ONLY FOR THAT CHEMICAL.
• LABEL THE BUCKETS AS TO USE.

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USING POOL CHEMICALS

• IMMEDIATELY CLEAN UP ANY CHEMICAL SPILLS.
• IF A VIOLENT REACTION OCCURS, CALL THE FIRE
  DEPARTMENT.

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DRY SPILLS

• CAREFULLY SWEEP UP WITH CLEAN BROOM AND SHOVEL.
• PLACE IN CLEAN, DRY, PLASTIC CONTAINER.
• AVOID BREATHING THE DUST.
• IF POSSIBLE, DILUTE WITH WATER AND ADD TO POOL.

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DRY SPILLS

• DO NOT PLACE FLOOR SWEEPINGS OF CHEMICALS BACK
  INTO THE ORIGINAL CONTAINER--MAY CAUSE REACTION.
• DO NOT USE A SHOP VAC OR VACUUM CLEANER TO CLEAN
  UP SPILLED SUBSTANCES.

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LIQUID SPILLS

• SOAK UP WITH A CLEAN ABSORBENT MATERIAL AND PLACE
  INSIDE A CLEAN PLASTIC OR PLASTIC LINED
  CONTAINER.
• FLUSH THE AREA WITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF WATER.

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USING POOL CHEMICALS
NO SMOKING
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USING POOL CHEMICALS

• DO NOT BREATHE CHEMICAL FUMES OR DUST.
• WASH SKIN IF CONTACT OCCURS.
• IF CHEMICALS SPLASH INTO EYES, FLUSH WITH WATER
  (ONLY IF THE MSDS DOES NOT ADVISE AGAINST THIS
  PROCEDURE).

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USING POOL CHEMICAL

• USE ONLY A WATER FILLED FIRE EXTINGUISHER ON A
  CHLORINE CHEMICAL FIRE.
• NEVER USE THE DRY TYPE OF EXTINGUISHER.

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Part IVSWIMMING POOL REGULATIONS

• Gary Barnes, RS

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Rules Regulations

• Chapter 15 of the Coconino County Rules For
  Public and Semipublic Bathing Places.
• Check the Definition Section - 15-1-2 to
  determine the type of swimming pool operation you
  have . . . Which will determine the regulations
  to follow.

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Semi-public Pool

• . . . part of a hotel, motel, trailer court,
  apartment house, country club, health club,
  condominium where the primary business is NOT the
  operation of the swimming facilities and where
  admission to the use of the pool is included in
  the fee, or consideration paid or given for the
  primary use of the premises.
• Reg. 15-1-2 (N)

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PERMIT REQUIRED

• No person shall operate any public or semi-public
  pool unless he possesses a valid permit from the
  Health Authority.
• Permits valid for a period of 1 year.
• Prior to the issuance of any permit, an
  inspection of the premises and all installations
  shall be made.

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Three Main Tests

• Residual disinfectant and disinfectant
  by-products (Free combined Chlorine)
• Water Balance (pH, Total Alkalinity, Calcium
  Hardness, Temperature)
• Undesirable residual chemicals (Sulphates,
  Chlorides, Cyanurates)

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The Big Two

• The essential tests are pH and and Free and
  Combined Chlorine (assuming that chlorine is used
  as the disinfectant).

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WATER QUALITY STANDARDS

• Bacterial Quality
• Chemical Standards
• Physical Standards

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BACTERIAL QUALITY

• On any 3 consecutive dechlorinated samples of the
  pool water
• None with more than 200 bacteria per milliliter.
• Average of 3 not exceed 100 bacteria.
• 60 of the 10 milliliter sample shall give a
  negative test for coliform bacteria no sample
  positive for coliform in 3 of 5 ten milliliter
  portions

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CHEMICAL QUALITY

• Free chlorine with D.P.D. test not less than 1.0
  ppm nor more than 3.0 ppm.
• pH not less than 7.2 nor more than 7.8.
• During heavy bather load, disinfection residuals
  maintained at the upper limits of the permissible
  range.

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PHYSICAL STANDARDS

• Free of sediment, dirt, slime, algae.

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PHYSICAL STANDARDS
Free of scum and floating debris. Water
maintained free of turbidity.
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TESTS RECORDS

• All pools shall be equipped with approved test
  equipment to determine pH and disinfectant
  residual.
• The pool operator shall record the results in the
  Daily operating records.
• Determination of free chlorine residual shall be
  by the D.P.D. method (or other approved method).

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Design Standards Semipublic

• Water depths durably marked on the walls.
• Visible in or out of the water.
• Markings at change of shallow portion to deepest
  portion marked.
• Depth markers 4 inch minimum height and
  contrasting colors/