A x B

1
???????????????????????????

• ????????????
• A x B
• ???
• ????????? heterozygous

2
???????????????????????????

• AaBBCCDD AAbBCcDD AabbCcDd AaBBCCdd aaBdCcDd
  aaBBCCDd AAbbCcDd AabbccDd . . Aabbccdd
• ??????????? heterogenous population

3
?????????????????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????
  ????????????????????

4
?????????????????????

• ??????????????? inbreeding depression ???
  heterosis
• ?????????????????????????????? non addtive gene
  action

5
????????????????

• G. H. Hardy ?????? ??? W. Weinberg ??????????
  ??????????????????????? ????????????????
  Hardy-Weinberg Law ??? ??????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  (random mating) ??????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????
  ???????? ???????????????????????????

6
??Hardy-Weinberg

• ????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????
• ????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????
  ???????
• ???????????????? ???????????
• ?????????????????????????????????

7
??Hardy-Weinberg

• ????????????? A p ??? a q
• Genotype AA 2Aa aa
• ????????????? p x p 2(p x q) q x q
• p2 2pq q2
• ?????????? 1 p2 2pq q2

8
??Hardy-Weinberg

• e.g. ?????????????????genotype AA, Aa, aa ???????
  500, 100 ??? 400 ????????
• ?????????? AA 0.5
• Aa 0.1
• aa 0.4

9
??Hardy-Weinberg

• ????????genotype AA ??? aa ??????????????????????
  ???? A ???? a ??????? ?????????????????? Aa
  ????????????????????????????? A ??? a
  ????????????
• AA 0.5 0.1/2 0.55 p
• aa 0.4 0.1/2 0.45 q

10
??Hardy-Weinberg

• ????????????????????????????????????
• ??genotype ?????????????????
• AA p2 0.552 0.3
• Aa 2pq 2(0.55 x 0.45) 0.5
• aa q2 0.452 0.2

11
??Hardy-Weinberg

• ?????????????????????
• AA 0.3 Aa 0.5 aa 0.2
• ??????????????????????????????
• A 0.3 0.5/2 0.55
• a 0.2 0.5/2 0.45

12
Inbreeding depression ??? heterosis

• inbreeding depression ???
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????? ??????????????????????????????????????

13
Inbreeding depression

• Inbreeding depression ??????????????? ??? F1
  ?????? F2 ????????? inbreeding depression
• ??? inbreeding depression
• F1 F2 ?????????????????? highly cross
• F2

14
Heterosis

• Heterosis ???? hybrid vigor ????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????? ????????????
  ???????????????????????????

15
Heterosis

• ???????? ??????????heterosis
• Dominance hypothesis
• ????? dominance gene ??????????????????
• AabbCCDd x AaBBccDd
• AABbCcDd

16
Heterosis

• ??????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????? dominance
  gene ????? ????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????? ????????????? homozygous
  dominance ????????????

17
Heterosis

• 2. Overdominance hypothesis
• Intra-allelic interaction hypothesis
  ??????????????????????? overdominance
• AABBCCDD x aabbccdd
• AaBbCcDd

18
Heterosis

• ??????????????electrophoresis ????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????

19
Heterosis

• AA
• aa
• Aa

20
Heterosis

• ??????????
• ?????????????????? ???????????????????????????????
  ??????
• ?????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????

21
????????????????????????????

• ????????????????????? ??????????????????
  ??????????????????? ?????? 2 ??????????????????
  ??????
• ?????????????????????????????????????
• (Mass selection without progeny testing)

22
Mass selection w/o progeny testing
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
????? 1 ?????? 10
????? 2 ?????? 10
23
Mass selection w/o progeny testing

• ?????
• ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
  ????
• ????????????? inbreeding ?????????
• ???????
• ????????????????????????? heritability ???

24
????????????????????????????

• 2. ????????????????????????????????
• (Mass selection with progeny testing)
• ???????????????????????? (ear-to-row method)
• ?????????????????????????????? (ear-to-row-to-ear
  method)

25
Ear-to-row method

• ?????????? ?????????????????? ???????????
• ????? 1 ?????????? ???????????????????????????
• ????? 2 ??????????????????????????????
  ???????????
• ??? ???????????????????????????????
  ????????
• ????? 3 ????????????? 1 ?????????????????????????
  ? 2 ?????? ???????????????? ?????????????????

26
Ear-to-row method
?????1

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
?????2
?????3
27
Ear-to-row method

• ?????
• ????????????????? ????????????????????????????????
  ????
• ???????
• ??????????????? 1 ??? ??? 1 ????? ?????????????

28
Ear-to-row-to-ear method
????? 1 ?????????? ???????????????????????????
???????? 4 ???? ????? 2 ???????????
???????????????????????????? 3 ????? (1-3)
????????????????????????????????? ???????? 4
??????????????????? crossing block ??1 ??????
?????????????????????????? 4 ???
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????? ????????????????????????????????

29
Ear-to-row-to-ear method

• ????? 2 (???) ?????????????????????? 4
  ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????
  ????? 4 ???????????? 5 ??? ??????????????? 4 ????
  ???????????????????????

30
Ear-to-row-to-ear method

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
?????1
????? 2
31
Ear-to-row-to-ear method

????? 3
???????? 1-3
???????? 4
32
Ear-to-row-to-ear method

• ?????
• ???????????????????????? ????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????
• ???????
• ????????????? ??????????????????????? ear-to-row
  method