MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY

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MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY

• LECTURER
• SR. NORAZSIDA RAMLI

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INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIA
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Microsporidium

• Produce spores which r tiny and difficult to
  identify using conventional microscopic
  technique.
• Spores contain polar tubules, which act as
  extrusion mechanisms to introduce spore contents
  into the new host cell.
• Cause an opportunistic infections found in
  immunocompromised individuals, especially in AIDS
  patients.
• Five genera have been reported Encephalitozoon,
  Pleistophora, Enterocytozoon, Nosema and
  Microsporidia.

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• Classification based on size of the spores,
  configuration of the nuclei in the spores, and
  the number of polar tubule coils within the
  spore, gene sequences.
• Spore 1.5-4.0µm, contain polar tubules, which
  are the extrusion mechanisms for delivery of
  sporoplasm to the host.

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Life cycle
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Transmission

• Oppotunistic parasites in AIDS patients.
• Transmitted by person to person, or animal to
  animal contact.
• Infection may result from ingestion or inhalation
  of spores from the environment or from animals
  (zoonotic transmission).

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Pathogenesis

• Many gastrointestinal infections with this
  parasite have been reported in HIV-infected
  patients.
• Symptoms
• -intractible diarrhea
• -fever
• -weight loss
• -nausea
• -anorexia

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Laboratory diagnosis

• Microscopy examination
• Histological staining methods
• PCR

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Treatment

• No acceptable therapy exists for most
  microsporidian infections.
• Albendazole
• Metronidazole

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Prevention

• No specific recommendation exist.
• Practice good personal hygiene.
• Careful infection control practices.