Georgia High School Graduation Test Tutorial

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Georgia High School Graduation Test Tutorial

• World History from
• World War I to World War II (SSWH16-18)
  (SSUSH19)

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Causes of World War I

• 1. Balkan Nationalism

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Causes of World War I

• 2. Entangled Alliances

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Causes of World War I

• 3. Militarism
• Arms races between nations
• Built up to intimidate other nations
• Russian army had over 1,000,000
• Germany and France had 900,000 each

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Conditions on the Front in WWI

• New Weapons Utilized
• Machine Guns
• Poison gas (Mustard Gas)
• Tanks
• Airplanes (Dog Fighting)
• Trench Warfare
• No Mans Land
• Disease and influenza

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Effects of World War I

• Treaty of Versailles
• -Establishment of League of Nations
• -German reparations
• Mandate System British and French

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WWI - End of Empires

• Hapsburg Dynasty (Germany Austria)
• Romanovs
• (Russian Czars)
• Ottoman Empire
• (Middle East)

Family of Czar Nicholas II last of the Romanov
Rulers of Russia
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The Russian Revolution

• 1917Workers revolt against the Czar --Bolsheviks
  take over Russia and begin a socialist system
  under Vladimir Lenin. Allied countries (Great
  Britain, France, Japan and the United States)
  send troops to support anti-communist forces, but
  communist forces eventually prevail.

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The Soviet Union

• 1922 --Lenin establishes the Soviet Union (USSR)

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The Rise of Joseph Stalin

• 1924Lenin dies Several leaders struggle for
  power including Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin.
• Eventually, Stalin seizes power and becomes a
  dictator over USSRimposing a totalitarian state.
• He begins a Five Year Plan to increase
  industrialization and collectivize agriculture in
  the Soviet Union.

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The Red Scare

• After the Russian Revolution, fear of a similar
  revolution in the United States by communists
  from Russia led to a period known as the Red
  Scare.
• Attempted assassinations of Attorney General
  Mitchell Palmer and John D. Rockefeller led to
  the Palmer Raidsin which suspected communists
  were arrested and more than 500 immigrants
  deported.
• This led to increase fear of immigrants and
  restrictions on immigration were passed by
  Congress.

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New Leaders Emerge

• In Italy, a new fascist government emerged in
  1922 under Benito Mussolini. He rose to power
  using propaganda, brutality, and
  intimidationpromoting an ultra-nationalist Italy
  and himself as Il Duce (the Leader).

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Fascism in Germany

• In 1921, Adolf Hitler took control of the
  National Socialist German Workers Partybetter
  known as the Nazis.
• He became chancellor of Germany in 1933 and
  eventually claimed the title Fuhrer (guide of
  Germany) and established himself as dictator over
  the Third Reich.

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Leadership in Japan

• Japanese Emperor Hirohito began his reign in
  Japan in 1926. He did not exercise absolute
  control over the government.
• Instead, an army general, Hideki Tojo, assumed
  the role of Japans premier leading it through
  World War II.

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Authoritarian Government and Totalitarianism

• Authoritarian Government is ruled by a single
  person or party interested in political power.
• Totalitarianism is a government which seeks to
  control not only political power, but the
  economy, culture, and social life.
• These governments often use terror and
  fear--utilizing propaganda and controlling access
  to information such as the press and education.
  (Examples Italy, Germany, USSR)

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Aggression in Asia

• 1931Japan Invades Manchuria
• Japan leaves the League of Nations
• By 1938, Japan has control of major cities along
  Chinese coast

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German Expansion

• Hitler begins rebuilding German military and
  marches troops into the Rhineland (lost in WWI)
• Germany annexes Austria and claims parts of the
  Sudetenland
• Great Britain and France pursue policy of
  appeasementrather than challenge Hitlers
  aggression
• In 1939, Hitler invades Poland
• Britain and France declare war on Germanythus
  beginning World War II

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The Holocaust

• Hitlers policy of Nazi racism targeted Jewish
  people and fed on European anti-semitism
• Hitler viewed Jews as a national enemy and began
  implementing his Final Solutionelimination of
  Jewish people by sending them to concentration
  camps as slave laborers and then executing them
  in gas chambers
• The extermination of nearly 6 million Jews, as
  well as Gypsies, Slavs, and other people deemed
  undesirable came to be known as the Holocaust

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World War II --1940

• April, 1940--Germany Invades Denmark and Norway
• May, 1940 Germany takes control of Belgium,
  Netherlands, and France
• July-October, 1940 Battle of Britain, German
  planes bomb Britain in blitzkriegs (night air
  raids).
• British Royal Air Force help fight off German air
  assault and prevent invasion.

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Axis Powers

• 1940,Germany, Italy and Japan form an alliance
  known as the Axis Powers

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US Neutrality before World War II

• 1935 Neutrality Act passed by Congress to stay
  out of European conflicts
• 1940 -- U.S. imposes embargo on Japan after its
  invasion of China
• March, 1941 Congress passes
• Lend-Lease Act to allow President Roosevelt to
  send aid to Great Britain

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Japan attacks Pearl Harbor

• Dec. 7th 1941Japan launches surprise attack on
  U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

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U.S. joins Allies in World War II

• After Pearl Harbor, the U.S. declares war on
  Japan and joins Allies (Great Britain, USSR, and
  French resistance) against the Axis Powers

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Domestic Wartime Policies of US

• Roosevelt establishes War Production Board
  redirecting production of civilian consumer
  goods to war materials
• Revenue for funding the war was generated through
  withholding income tax from paychecks and selling
  war bonds
• The Government began rationing of resourcessuch
  as tires and food items

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Women join domestic war effort

• Many women filled industrial jobs that had been
  held by men who were sent overseas
• A popular symbol of these women was Rosie the
  Riveter

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Suspicion of Germans, Italians and Japanese in
U.S.

• Since the U.S. was at war with these countries,
  suspicion of citizens with origins in Germany,
  Italy and Japan led to their removal to remote
  internment camps.

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Allied Powers meet at Tehran

• In 1943, leaders of the three major Allied Powers
  (ChurchillBritain, Roosevelt--US, Stalin-- USSR)
  
• met in the Tehran Conference to discuss plans
  for defeating Germany

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D-Day

• At Tehran, the leaders planned an amphibious
  invasion of Normandy (occupied by Nazis) named
  Operation Overlord headed by supreme allied
  commander Dwight D. Eisenhower

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The Yalta Conference

• Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin met in February,
  1945 at the Yalta Conference to discuss plans of
  dividing up Europe anticipating the defeat of
  Germany
• Germany was divided and most of Eastern Europe
  was controlled by the Soviet Union

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The Potsdam Conference

• The Allied leaders met after the defeat of
  Germany in July,1945 at the Potsdam Conference to
  discuss plans for defeating Japan and its
  unconditional surrender
• President Truman (who succeeded Roosevelt after
  his death) learned of the successful tests of the
  Atomic bomb while at the conference

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The Atomic Bomb

• Led by Robert Oppenheimer, the Manhattan Project
  successfully produced two Atomic bombs at Los
  Alamos, New Mexico (called Fat Man and Little
  Boy)
• On August 6th, 1945 a B-29 bomber called the
  Enola Gay dropped the first Atomic bomb on
  Hiroshima, Japan
• Three days later, a second bomb exploded over
  Nagasaki
• Japan surrendered on August 14th, 1945thus
  ending World War II and beginning the Atomic Age