Introduction to GNU/Linux

1
Introduction to GNU/Linux
2
Plan

• Introduction to Linux
• Installation
• BASH
• Client/Host Configuration
• Data Storage Management
• User Management
• Package Management
• Network Security
• Network Service
• Open Source Database (MYSQL)
• Linux Web Services (Apache)
• File Sharing Services
• Linux Mail Services

3
????????????????

• ????????????? 10 ?????
• ????????? 20 ?????
• ?????????? 35 ?????
• ?????????? 35 ?????
• gt 35 D
• gt 45 C

4
??????????????
5
Linux

• Linux ????????????????????? 2 ???
• ??????? ????????????????????
• ??????? ????????????????????????????
• Linux ?????????????????????????????????????????
  Unix
• Linux ??????????????????????????????????? ???????
  ??????, tablet PC, ?????????? Console, mainframe
  ??? supercomputer
• Linux ??????????????????????????????? 20

6
Multics

• ???? 1960
• MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
• ATT Bell Labs
• General Electric
• ??????????????????????????????????????? Multics
  (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service)
  ????????????????????????? time-sharing
• ???????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????? 4 ??????????????????????????????????
  ???????????? ???????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????
  Multics ??? Unics (Uniplexed Information and
  Computing Service) ??????????????????? UNIX

7
UNIX

• Unix ???????????????? 1969 ??? ATTs Bell Lab
  ???
• ??????????????????????? 1971, Unix
  ???????????????? assembly
• ???? 1973, Dennis ???????? Unix
  ??????????????????????????
• (1972, Dennis ????????????????? ??????? Unix
  ????????)

Joe Ossanna ??????????????? Troff
Ken Thompson ???????????? B ???????????????? Go
??? Google
Dennis Ritchie ???????????? C
Douglas McIlroy ???????? Unix Pipeline
8
GNU

• ???? 1983 ??? Richard Stallman ?????????????????
  
• GNU ???????? (GNU is Not Unix)
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
• ?????? UNIX ??????
• ??? GNU ??????????????????? application ?????
  ?????????? UNIX ????????? application ??????
  (Compiler, text editor, UNIX shell)
• ???? 1990, application ???????????????????????????
  ????????????? ??? device drivers, daemons ???
  kernel ??????????????????????????????? (GNU/hurd
  project)

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MINIX

• MINIX(Minimal Unix) ??????????????? Andrew
  Tanenbaum
• ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????
  ?????? UNIX
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????
• ?????????????????????? 1987 ????????? source code
  ?????????? ?????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????

Andrew S. Tanenbaum ???????? MINIX
????????????????? Vrije, Amsterdam.
??????????????????????????????????? Operating
System Design and Implementation
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GNU/Linux

• ???? 1991, Linus Torvalds ????????????????????????
  ? MINIX ????????????? Tanenbaum
  ??????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????? MINIX
• Torvalds ??????????????????????? MINIX ????????
  Linux Kernel
• Application ????? ??? MINIX ????????????????
  Application ??? GNU

??? GNU ?? Kernel ????????? 1990 ??????????????
Linux ????!!
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Linux Distributions (Linux Distro)
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????????? Linux

• Consumer Grade
• ????????????????????????????
• ????? update ????????? version ????? ?????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????? update
  ??????????????????????? ????????
• ??????????? Consumer-Grade Linux ??? Fedora,
  Ubuntu, OpenSUSE, Gentoo
• Enterprise Grade
• ???????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????????
• ???????? ???? CentOS, RHEL, SUSE enterprise,
  Ubuntu TLS

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Enterprise Linux (1)

• ???????????? Enterprise Linux
• Extended support
• ????????????????? open source ??????? support
  ??????? ???????? Fedora ??????? 2 ???????????????
  support ?????
• ?????? Enterprise Linux ??????????????? support
  ????????????????
• Low-Risk Security update
• ??????? update ???????????????????????
  application ????? ??????????????? version ???
  application
• ??? update ??????????? EL ??????????????? reboot
  ???????
• ABI/API stability
• Application Binary Interface(ABI), Application
  Programming Interface(API) ???????????????????????
  ??? 3-rd party ???????????????????????????????

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Enterprise Linux (2)

• ???????????? Enterprise Linux ???
• Regular update and bug fixes
• ???????????????????????? update ??? patch
  ?????????? bug ?????????????????????????? update
  ???????
• Certificates
• EL ??????????? certificate ???????????????????????
  ????????????????? ????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????ABI/API
  stability

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CentOS

• ???????? Community ENTerprise Operation System
• ??????????????????????? Enterprise
• ???
• Open source
• ????? source code ??? Red hat enterprise ????????
• http//www.centos.org

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CentOS ??? RHEL

• ????????? CentOS ??????? source code ??? RHEL
  ?????????????????????????
• RHEL ?? 2 version ???
• Red Hat Enterprise Linux
• ?????? 2 CPU, 4 virtual machines(Xen-based)
• Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advanced Platform
• ?????? CPU ??? virtual machine ????????
• ??????????? storage virtualization ??? high
  available capability
• CentOS ??????????????????????? RHEL AP ??????
• ??? update ??? CentOS ????????? RHEL
  ?????????????????? RHEL update ??????????????
  source code ???????????????? CentOS
• Certificate ??? CentOS ????????????????? RHEL
  ?????????????????????????????????????? test