LIPIDS: Heterogeneous category Hydrophobic Examples: fats

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LIPIDS Heterogeneous category Hydrophobic
Examples fats, oils, waxes
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Which is worse? Poison oak, ivy or sumac?
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Answer They are all equally bad. They all
contain Urushiol
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Most are HYDROPHOBIC? Little affinity for
water Soluble in non-polar solvents Rich in
non-polar hydrocarbon regions Very few polar
groups Some are AMPHIPATHIC? have both polar
and non-polar regions This is VERY important for
membrane structure
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Functions

1. Energy storage
2. Membrane structure
3. Hormones (chemical signals)

Main classes of lipids
1. Fats 2. Phospholipids 3. Steroids
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FATS

• FATTY ACIDS
• GLYCEROL

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FATTY ACIDS
Amphypathic
Head carboxyl group hydrophilic
Carbon skeleton
Methyl group CH3
Tail hydrophobic
UNSATURATED ? Kinks in tail prevent tight packing
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Glycerol
Alcohol with three carbons, each with a hydroxyl
group
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DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS ? special name ESTER BOND
or LINKAGE
FAT? triglyceride
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2. Phospholipids
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3. STEROIDS
Include CHOLESTEROL STEROID HORMONES