Chapter 19 Industrial environmental management and ecological industry

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Chapter 19 Industrial environmental management
and ecological industry

• 19.1 Industrial environmental pollution
• 19.2 Cleaner production
• 19.3 Circular economy and ecological industry
• 19.4 Case study

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19.1 Industrial environmental pollution

• 19.1.1 Characteristics of industrial
  environmental pollution
• High concentration of pollutants
• Complicated composition, strong toxicity and not
  easy to be purified.
• With color or peculiar smell
• The changes of the pollutants discharge amount
  and characteristic is big

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19.1.2 Comprehensive prevention and control
strategy of industrial pollution

• Change the traditional development strategy, and
  take sustainable development
• Adjust the industry and energy structure,and
  optimize industrial layout under considering the
  pollution prevention and environment constraints.
• Establish a modern enterprise system, and
  strengthen environment management
• Strengthen the leading role of each level
  government,and develop the regulatory function
  of the market

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19.2 Cleaner production
19.2.1 The concept of cleaner production The
new idea, which overall prevention environment
strategy will be consistently applied to
production processes, products and services to
increase eco-efficiency and reduce the risks of
human and environment Aim 

• The reasonable effective use of natural resources
  
• Reduction of waste and pollutant
• Sustainable development of national economy

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19.2.2 Main way of implementation of cleaner
production

• Comprehensive utilization of resources
• Reform process and equipment, develop new process
• Establish closed production line to have material
  recycling
• Improve product design and adjust product
  structure
• Develop environmental protection technology and
  improve the necessary end treatment
• Strengthen scientific management

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19.2.3 Cleaner production audit
?19-1 ????????

• Stage of preparation
• Stage of audit
• Stage of formulating plans
• Stage of implement the program

Leadership make the decision and organize the
work team making plans, mobilizing and preparing
the training things
Determine the audit object, set the goal of
cleaner production and implement the audit
Overall arrange, implemente as planed , estimate
the result of cleaner production program,make
the follow-up plan
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19.2.4 Assessment method of cleaner production
Basic indicators the main material consumption
and emission levels which occurs from producing
the goods in output per unit Special indexes
special aspects of the impact of certain
technologys environmental performance or the
aspect which may have a serious accident in
potential ,which the basic indicators is not able
to concern. Extended indicators study some
features of the product life beyond the
production stage
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19.2.5 ISO14000
?19-1 ISO14000??????
1.Component
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Figure 19-1 ISO14000 series standards
relationship
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2. The significance of implement of ISO14000
series standard by industrial enterprises

• Provide the enterprises primary tool to
  strengthen the basis management and environment
  management
• Improve the products competitiveness and
  reputation in the international market
• Reduce non-tariff trade barriers, and accelerate
  China's economy to fit the pace of world economy

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The characteristics of ISO14000 standard

• Authority
• Wide applicability
• The principle of voluntary
• Emphasize pollution prevention and continuous
  improvement
• Emphasize the continuous compliance of laws and
  regulations,but does not make specific regulation
  to environment behavior.
• Emphasize the holistic management system

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3. The audit method of environmental management
system

• The audit of environmental management system
• Objectively obtain evidence to evaluate ,to jude
  whether an organization's environment management
  system comply with the documented and systematic
  verification process of environment management
  system audit criteria ,and the audit result will
  be reported to the truster.
• Generally,environmental management system audit
  criteria have three parts as follows
• ISO14001 standard
• The environment standard management system
  document established by the auditee
• Environment laws, regulations and other
  requirements which is adapted to the auditee

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The review process is closely around the
following basic problems

• Whether the environmental management system is
  perfect
• Whether the activity of environmental management
  system is correct.
• Whether the implementation is good.
• Whether the system is fully appropriate to the
  environmental policy and targets
• Audit process is divided into three stages
  Preparation of audit, implementation of audit and
  submiting the audit reports

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Figure 19-2 operation mode of environmental
management system
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19.3 Circular economy and ecological industry
19.3.1 Circular economy Advocating a development
model that the economic development is harmonized
with the environment, its economic growth model
is "resources ? Products ? renewable resources,"
feedback process
Figure 19-3 Schematic diagram of circular
economy
Three R principle (Reduce)? (Reuse)? (Recycle)
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(1). Three mode of circular economy
Enterprise level circulation in enterprise and
promotion the recycling of raw materials and
energy Regional level according to the principle
of industry ecology, integrate the material,
energy and information between the firms to form
industry metabolism and symbiotic relationship
between the firms.Join different economic
organizations to establish Industry Ecological
Garden Social level complete the closed loop as
"natural resources - products and supplies -
renewable resources," in the whole society
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(2) Practice of circular economy
Germany a pioneer in the development of circular
economy countries, drew up the waste treatment
method in year 1972 promulgated "Circular
Economy and Waste Management law in year
1996, Japanthe circular economy legislation is
the most comprehensive,and its goal is to create
a resource recycling society." In year 2000,
Japan enacted the "promote the establishment of
recycling society," "effective use of resources
law" and other laws United States There is no
national recycling economy regulations, more than
half of the states have enacted various forms
of recycling regulations
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The practice exploration of circular economy in
China

• Develop cleaner production in the enterprise. At
  present, there are more than more than 20
  industries in 20 provinces ,in other words ,more
  than 400 enterprises developing the cleaner
  production audit. More than 5,000 enterprises
  have been qualified by ISO14000 environment
  management system certification.
• Establish eco-industrial park in industry
  clusters which is composed by symbiotic
  enterprise group
• Carried out circular economy in the cities and
  provinces as a precedent. Circular economy
  development model has been researched between
  regions in Liaoning and Guiyang etc.

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19.3.2 Ecological industry
1. Industrial ecology The basic principle of
eco-industry is industrial ecology.It imitates
natural ecological processes and industry
material recycling methods to plan a industry
mode of production system,as a production model.
Former GE vice president of research department
RobertFrosch, firstly proposed the concept of
industrial ecology in "sustainable industry
development strategy" in "Science American" in
1989 Eco-industry combination, hatching and
design principles mainly includes horizontal
coupling, vertical closure, regional integration,
flexible structure, function-oriented, combining
hard and soft, self-regulation, employment
increase, human ecology and information networks
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2. The evolution of industrial system

• Industrial system can be regarded as a special
  case of ecological systems, and it has substance,
  energy, information flow and storage the same as
  natural ecosystems.One of the main explorers of
  this theory, Braden R. Allenby, proposed a
  three-level eco-industrial system evolution
  theory in the industrial system. See figure19-4?
• Ideal industrial ecosystem is including four
  major actors (see figure 19-5)
• Resources miner
• Processors (manufacturers)
• Consumer
• Waste handler

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Figure 19-4 Evolution Schematic of industrial
system three-level ecosystem (Notesquoted from
Deng Nansheng and Wufeng, 2002)
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Figure 19-5 Schematic diagram of ideal industrial
ecosystem (quoted from Deng Nansheng and Wufeng,
2002)
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19.3.3 Eco-industrial park

• A new industrial organization pattern is designed
  by circular economy theory and industrial ecology
  theory.It simulates natural ecosystems to
  establish industrial system as "producer -
  consumer - decomposers" cycle ways and food
  chain.
• 1. Classification of eco-industry park
• new planning model
• improvement model
• virtual eco-industry park

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2. The basic principle of eco-industrial park
planning and design

• Circularity
• Diversity
• Unification
• Multifunction
• Efficiency

Figure19-6 The design framework of
eco-industrial park
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3. Eco-industrial park practice

• Prototype of eco-industry park is Kalundborg, in
  Denmark
• There are 20 cities cooperating with large
  companies to plan to establish eco-industrial
  park in United States since 1993.
• In China, the eco-industry park is the third
  generation industry park after economic
  development zones,and hi-tech Development Zone.
• In China,we started construction pilot of
  eco-industry park in 1999,and built the first
  demonstration of national industry park Guangxi
  Guigang eco-industrial park.

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19.3.4 The relationship between cleaner
production, ecological industry and circular
economy

• It breaks through the traditional environment
  protection conception.
• The same point of clear production, eco-industry
  and circular economy is to raise the protection
  guidance of environment protection to economic
  development.
• The nature and premise of eco-industry and
  circular economy is clean production.

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19.4 Case study
1.Cleaner production case of Fuyang chemistry
plant Anhui Fuyang chemistry plant is a
comprehensive chemistry company ,mainly producing
synthetic ammonia.The annual output is 130,000
ton. In 1997, "China - Canada Clean Production
cooperation project" started,which is organized
by the State Economy and Trade Commission. The
plant was regarded as this cooperation projects
demonstration in the fertilizer industry
enterprises.Clean production implements
comprehensively in this plant.32 clean production
program proposed and some of the programs were
implemented.
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Table 19-2 Consumption contrast table of main
production output and raw materials of Fuyang
chemical plant
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2.Industrial symbiosis of Kalundborg, Denmark

• Kalundborg is located in shore of the north sea,
  it is a small industrial city with 2 million
  residents. Industrial symbiosis is gradually
  formed from early 1970s, it is mainly made up of
  five companies and municipal authorities. The
  main exchange flow chart, please see figure 19-7.
  
• Asnaesvaerket Power Plant
• Statoiloil Refinery
• Novo.Nordisk Company
• Gyproc Gypsum Material Company
• A/S Bioteknisk Jordrens Soil Remediation Company

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Figure 19-7 Industrial symbiosis of
Kalundborg (Notesquoted from Xiujuan,2003)
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• Benefit Analysis
• It can save 1200,000 m3 water per year for the
  refinery,and 900,000 m3 water can be instead as
  freshwater after wastewater treatment in
  pharmaceutical companies.
• The power plants save 30,000 ton coal and
  190,000 ton oil by using the emptying flame gas
  of the refinery.
• The organic residues of pharmaceutical
  manufacturing can be made of organic fertilizer,
  and save 800 ton N, and 400 ton P. And it saves
  2800 ton sulfur and 80000 ton gypsum in composite
  utilization process
• In 20 years, a total investment of 16 waste
  exchange project was invested in Kalundborg
  ,and the total amount is estimated to 60 million
  U.S. dollar .The benefit is supposed to 10
  million U.S. dollar per year.

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Thank you!