Title: THE ACID RAIN
1THE ACID RAIN
- Environmental Engineer Group
2INTRODUCTION
3ACID DEPOSITION
- 1. Dry deposition
- - Acidic gases and particles
- 2. Wet deposition
- - Acidic rain, fog and snow
4THE ACID RAIN
- What is Acid rain?
- - Acid rain is rain, snow or fog that is
polluted by acid in the atmosphere and damages
the environment.
ACID RAIN DROP
5(No Transcript)
6Acid Rain (Acid Precipitation)
Any precipitation carrying
dissolved acids from natural or man made
causes. Examples a. CO2 dissolves in
H2O---------gt Creates carbonic acid (H2CO3) b.
Sulfur dioxide (from internal combustion) mixes
with H2O ---------gt Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) c.
Nitrogen oxides (from internal combustion) mixes
with H2O ---------gt Nitric Acid (HNO3) Acid
precipitation may have a pH as low as 3. Very
Acidic! Acids in the air may be carried
thousands of miles from their source, polluting
soil water in pristine areas!
7DAMAGES THE ENVIRONMENT
8pH
9pH
- a number on a scale of 0 to 14 which shows how
acid or alkaline a substance is - Measure the amount of acid in a liquid like
water
10The Water Molecule
- Formula of water H20
- H hydrogen
- 2 2 hydrogen atoms
- O oxygen.
- http//www.miamisci.org/ph
11Pour acid into water give up H to water
acid
- Pour base into water give up OH- to water
base - http//www.miamisci.org/ph
12Ph 14.0 13.0 12.4 11.0 10.5 8.3 7.4
Substance Sodium Hydroxide Lye Lime (Calcium hydroxide) Ammonia Milk of Magnesia Baking Soda Human Blood
Base Base Base Base Base Base Base Base
7.0 6.6 4.5 4.0 3.0 2.2 2.0 1.0 0
Pure Water Milk Tomato Wine Bee Apple Vinegar Lemon Juice Battery Acid Hydrochloric Acid
Neutral Acid Acid Acid Acid Acid Acid Acid Acid
- http//www.miamisci.org/ph
13Ph 14.0 13.0 12.4 11.0 10.5 8.3 7.4
Substance Sodium Hydroxide Lye Lime (Calcium hydroxide) Ammonia Milk of Magnesia Baking Soda Human Blood
Base Base Base Base Base Base Base Base
7.0 6.6 4.5 4.0 3.0 2.2 2.0 1.0 0
Pure Water Milk Tomato Wine Bee Apple Vinegar Lemon Juice Battery Acid Hydrochloric Acid
Neutral Acid Acid Acid Acid Acid Acid Acid Acid
- http//www.miamisci.org/ph
14- Normal rain slightly acidic 5.5
- (carbon dioxide dissolves into it)
- In 2000, rain pH 4.3 (in the US)
- http//www.epa.gov/airmarkets/acidrain
15Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
16Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
- cause by natural phenomena and
anthropogenic activities - is soluble in water
- can be oxidised within airborne water droplets
- producing sulphuric acid
17Comes From
- combustion of fossil fuels
- oxidation of organic material in soils
- volcanic eruptions
- biomass burning
- http//www.temis.nl/products/so2.html
18Reaction
- Sulphur dioxide is an acidic gas
- Easily be made by adding water
- SO2 (g) SO2 (aq)
- SO2 (aq) H2O (l) H2SO3 (aq)
- weakly dibasic acid
- http//www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/so2/so2h.htm
19 20The Combustion Of Fuels
- Residential
- cars
- commercial furnaces
- Industrial
- electrical-utility boilers
- Engines
- other equipment
21Canadas largest contributor of NOx ( 1998 )
http//www.ec.gc.ca/acidrain/acidfact.html
22Americas largest contributor of NOx ( 1998 )
http//www.ec.gc.ca/acidrain/acidfact.html
23the NOx emissions amount( 1998 )
http//www.ec.gc.ca/acidrain/acidfact.html
24Critical Load Target Load
- Critical Loada measure of how much pollution
an environment can tolerate
- Target Loadthe amount of pollution that is
considered achievable and politically acceptable
25The amount of wet sulphate deposition (kg/ha/yr)
http//www.ec.gc.ca/acidrain/acidfact.html
26Environmental Engineer
- History of Acid Rain
- Major problem area
27History of Acid Rain
- Originated during the 1730's
- Discovered in the 1950's
- Started being noticed in the 1960's
- 1984-Germany
- 1988-United Nations
- 2000
28Major problem area
29Major problem area
- Canada
- British Columbia
- United States
- Central Europe
- Asia
30Reference
- Virtual Globe http//www.virtualglobe.org/en/info/
env/03/acid06.html - The acid rain report http//www.angelfire.com/ks3/
acidrainreport/history2.html - Living Landscapes http//royal.okanagan.bc.ca/mpid
wirn/atmosphereandclimate/acidprecip.htmla