Cardiac Physiology Relation to Cardiac Anatomy

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Cardiac Physiology Relation to Cardiac Anatomy
Conduction System of the Heart
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The heart

• Definition
• It is a hollow muscular organ located in the
  center of the chest cavity (mediastinum) and
  rests on the diaphragm

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The heart

• Size of the heart
• Heart weights approximately 300gm
• Its size are influenced by
• Age
• Gender
• Body weight
• Also influenced by the extent of exercises and
  heart diseases

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Coverings and Wall

• Consist of three layers
• Pericardium Tightly hugs the external surface of
  the heart and Its part of the heart wall
• Myocardium consist of thick bundles of cardiac
  muscles, It is the layer that actually
  contracts
• Endocardium consist of endothelial tissue and
  lines the inside of the heart valves

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Chambers of the Heart

• The heart consist of four hollow chambers
• The two atria ( singular atrium )
  
• The two ventricles
  

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Right atrium Received non Oxygenated blood by
the vena cava from all body parts - Left atrium
Received Oxygenated blood from the lungs by
four pulmonary veins- Right ventricle
Received non Oxygenated blood from the right
atrium and pumped it through of the two
pulmonary arteries to the lungs - Left
ventricle Has wall that are three times
thickness of the right ventricle. Received
Oxygenated blood from the left atrium has to be
pumped through out the body
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• Great vessels
• Superior and inferior vena cava
• Hold relatively oxygen poor blood from all
• body parts to the right atrium
• Pulmonary arteries
• Carry blood from right ventricle to
• the lungs where oxygen is picked
• up and carbon dioxide is unloaded
• Four pulmonary veins
• Carry the Oxygen rich blood from the
• lungs to the left atrium
• Aorta ( Main Great Vessel )
• Oxygenated blood pumped through
• it to the all body parts

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Coronary Arteries

• The left and right coronary arteries
• and their branches supply arterial
• blood to the heart
• These arteries originate from
• the aorta just above the aortic
• valve leaflets
• The heart has large metabolic
• requirement, extracting approximately
• 70- 80 of the oxygen delivered

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Coronary Veins

• The veins that drains
• blood from the muscular
• tissue of the heart and
• empties into the coronary
• sinus

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The Coronary Sinus

• Located posteriorly in
• the coronary sulcus,
• enters the right atrium
• near the tricuspid valve,
• the entry point in guarded by an incomplete
  valve-
• the besius valve

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The Heart Valves

• The tricuspid valve regulates blood flow
• between the right atrium and right ventricle
•   The pulmonary valve controls blood flow
• from the right ventricle into the pulmonary
• arteries, which carry blood to your lungs to pick
  
• up oxygen
•   The mitral valve (bicuspid) lets oxygen
• rich blood from your lungs pass from the
• left atrium into the left ventricle 
• The aortic valve opens the way for oxygen
• rich blood to pass from the left ventricle into
• the aorta, your body's largest artery, where it
• is delivered to the rest of your body

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Thank You
By Wissam Aqil
Imad Abu Khamis