The Muscular System- Histology and Physiology

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The Muscular System- Histology and Physiology

Structure and Function
Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
Contraction of Whole Muscles
Muscle Metabolism
Other Muscle Types
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FINAL ROUND
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Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle 100
Question

• Each muscle cell (fiber) is surrounded by this
  tissue
• a. perimysium
• b. endomysium
• c. epimysium
• d. sarcolemma

ANSWER
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3
Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle 100
Answer

• Each muscle cell (fiber) is surrounded by this
  tissue
• a. perimysium
• b. endomysium
• c. epimysium
• d. sarcolemma

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4
Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle 200
Question

• This statement best describes the muscle property
  of extensibility
• a. muscles recoil to original shape
• b. muscles shorten forcefully
• c. muscles can stretch when needed
• d. muscles contract when stimulated

ANSWER
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5
Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle 200
Answer

• This statement best describes the muscle property
  of extensibility
• a. muscles recoil to original shape
• b. muscles shorten forcefully
• c. muscles can stretch when needed
• d. muscles contract when stimulated

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6
Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle 300
Question

• Troponin binds to this
• a. G actin
• b. calcium ions
• c. tropomyosin
• d. all of these
• e. a and c only

ANSWER
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7
Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle 300
Answer

• Troponin binds to this
• a. G actin
• b. calcium ions
• c. tropomyosin
• d. all of these
• e. a and c only

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8
Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle 400
Question

• During muscle contraction, this region shortens
• a. A band
• b. I band
• c. H zone
• d. both a and b
• e. both b and c

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9
Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle 400
Answer

• During muscle contraction, this region shortens
• a. A band
• b. I band
• c. H zone
• d. both a and b
• e. both b and c

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10
Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle 500
Question

• These statements about myosin myofilaments are
  all true except
• a. are thicker than actin
• b. make up the H zone
• c. attached to the Z disc
• d. attached to filaments that form the M
  line

ANSWER
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11
Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle 500
Answer

• These statements about myosin myofilaments are
  all true except
• a. are thicker than actin
• b. make up the H zone
• c. attached to the Z disc
• d. attached to filaments that form the M
  line

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12
Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers 100
Question

• The resting membrane potential occurs when
• a. Na ions diffuse into the cell
• b. Na ions diffuse out of the cell
• c. K ions diffuse into the cell
• d. K ions diffuse out of the cell

ANSWER
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13
Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers 100 Answer

• The resting membrane potential occurs when
• a. Na ions diffuse into the cell
• b. Na ions diffuse out of the cell
• c. K ions diffuse into the cell
• d. K ions diffuse out of the cell

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14
Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers 200
Question

• Depolarization must reach this value in a cell to
  trigger an action potential
• a. 0 mv
• b. 20 mv
• c. -85 mv
• d. threshold

ANSWER
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Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers 200 Answer

• Depolarization must reach this value in a cell to
  trigger an action potential
• a. 0 mv
• b. 20 mv
• c. -85 mv
• d. threshold

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16
Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers 300
Question

• Energy is needed to make muscles contract and
  relax.
• True/False

ANSWER
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17
Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers 300 Answer

• Energy is needed to make muscles contract and
  relax.
• True/False

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18
Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers 400
Question

• These events occur during contraction except
• a. exposure of active sites on actin
• b. active transport of Ca back into
  sarcoplasmic reticulum
• c. cross-bridges are formed and
  released
• d. power stroke

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19
Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers 400 Answer

• These events occur during contraction except
• a. exposure of active sites on actin
• b. active transport of Ca back into
  sarcoplasmic reticulum
• c. cross-bridges are formed and
  released
• d. power stroke

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20
Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers 500
Question

• List the events occurring at a neuromuscular
  junction in order.
• 1. ACh binds to receptors on postsynaptic
  membrane
• 2. acetylcholinesterase breaks down ACh
• 3. choline is reabsorbed by presynaptic
  membrane
• 4. depolarization of sarcolemma
• 5. ligand-gated Na ion channels open
• a. 1,5,4,2,3 c. 1,4,2,3,5
• b. 5,3,2,1,4 d. 1,5,2,3,4

ANSWER
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Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers 500 Answer

• List the events occurring at a neuromuscular
  junction in order.
• 1. ACh binds to receptors on postsynaptic
  membrane
• 2. acetylcholinesterase breaks down ACh
• 3. choline is reabsorbed by presynaptic
  membrane
• 4. depolarization of sarcolemma
• 5. ligand-gated Na ion channels open
• a. 1,5,4,2,3 c. 1,4,2,3,5
• b. 5,3,2,1,4 d. 1,5,2,3,4

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22
Contraction of Whole Muscle 100 Question

• This stimulus results in the greatest force of
  contraction because all motor units of a muscle
  are responding
• a. threshold
• b. subthreshold
• c. maximal
• d. supramaximal

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23
Contraction of Whole Muscle 100 Answer

• This stimulus results in the greatest force of
  contraction because all motor units of a muscle
  are responding
• a. threshold
• b. subthreshold
• c. maximal
• d. supramaximal

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24
Contraction of Whole Muscle 200 Question

• This kind of contraction results in an increase
  of tension, but the length of the muscle does not
  change
• a. isometric
• b. isotonic
• c. concentric
• d. eccentric

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25
Contraction of Whole Muscle 200 Answer

• This kind of contraction results in an increase
  of tension, but the length of the muscle does not
  change
• a. isometric
• b. isotonic
• c. concentric
• d. eccentric

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26
Contraction of Whole Muscle 300 Question

• Incomplete tetanus occurs when action potentials
  are produced so rapidly that the muscle
  completely contracts without any relaxation.
• True/False

ANSWER
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27
Contraction of Whole Muscle 300 Answer

• Incomplete tetanus occurs when action potentials
  are produced so rapidly that the muscle
  completely contracts without any relaxation.
• True/False

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28
Contraction of Whole Muscle 400 Question

• These conditions occur in both physiologic
  contracture and rigor mortis except
• a. low levels of ATP
• b. cross-bridges are formed
• c. release of cross-bridges
• d. Ca2 builds up in the sarcoplasm
• e. active transport of Ca2 slows or
  stops

ANSWER
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29
Contraction of Whole Muscle 400 Answer

• These conditions occur in both physiologic
  contracture and rigor mortis except
• a. low levels of ATP
• b. cross-bridges are formed
• c. release of cross-bridges
• d. Ca2 builds up in the sarcoplasm
• e. active transport of Ca2 slows or
  stops

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30
Contraction of Whole Muscle 500 Question

• Given the following
• 1. Ca2 ions are actively transported
  back into sarcoplasmic reticulum
• 2. Troponin-tropomyosin complexes
  move to inhibit cross-bridge formation
• 3. Muscle fibers lengthen passively
• These events best describe
• a. treppe c. contraction phase
• b. lag phase d. relaxation phase

ANSWER
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31
Contraction of Whole Muscle 500 Answer

• Given the following
• 1. Ca2 ions are actively transported
  back into sarcoplasmic reticulum
• 2. Troponin-tropomyosin complexes
  move to inhibit cross-bridge formation
• 3. Muscle fibers lengthen passively
• These events best describe
• a. treppe c. contraction phase
• b. lag phase d. relaxation phase

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32
Muscle Metabolism100 Question

• Because large amounts of ATP are stored in muscle
  fibers, it does not need to be continuously
  synthesized in order to sustain muscle
  contractions.
• True/False

ANSWER
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33
Muscle Metabolism100 Answer

• Because large amounts of ATP are stored in muscle
  fibers, it does not need to be continuously
  synthesized in order to sustain muscle
  contractions.
• True/False

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34
Muscle Metabolism 200 Question

• These statements about creatine phosphate are
  true except
• a. accumulates in cells to store energy
• b. ADP reacts with it to produce ATP
• c. creatine kinase is used as a catalyst
• d. supports intense exercise for up to 3
  minutes

ANSWER
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35
Muscle Metabolism 200 Answer

• These statements about creatine phosphate are
  true except
• a. accumulates in cells to store energy
• b. ADP reacts with it to produce ATP
• c. creatine kinase is used as a catalyst
• d. supports intense exercise for up to 3
  minutes

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36
Muscle Metabolism 300 Question

• Recovery consumption is used to restore
  homeostasis after the following
• a. increase in body temperature
• b. changes in intracellular ion
  concentrations
• c. changes in extracellular ion
  concentrations
• d. changes in hormone levels
• e. all of these

ANSWER
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37
Muscle Metabolism 300 Answer

• Recovery consumption is used to restore
  homeostasis after the following
• a. increase in body temperature
• b. changes in intracellular ion
  concentrations
• c. changes in extracellular ion
  concentrations
• d. changes in hormone levels
• e. all of these

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38
Muscle Metabolism 400 Question

• Johnnys primary source of energy comes from this
  as he runs on his treadmill for 30 minutes every
  morning
• a. stored ATP
• b. aerobic respiration
• c. anaerobic respiration
• d. creatine phosphate

ANSWER
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39
Muscle Metabolism 400 Answer

• Johnnys primary source of energy comes from this
  as he runs on his treadmill for 30 minutes every
  morning
• a. stored ATP
• b. aerobic respiration
• c. anaerobic respiration
• d. creatine phosphate

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40
Muscle Metabolism 500 Question

• This statement is true about anaerobic
  respiration
• a. produces 38 ATPs per glucose molecule
• b. uses fatty acids for sustained
  exercise
• c. can produce ATP rapidly
• d. uses citric acid cycle

ANSWER
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41
Muscle Metabolism 500 Answer

• This statement is true about anaerobic
  respiration
• a. produces 38 ATPs per glucose molecule
• b. uses fatty acids for sustained
  exercise
• c. can produce ATP rapidly
• d. uses citric acid cycle

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42
Other Muscle Types100 Question

• These structural characteristics apply to cardiac
  muscle
• a. single, centrally located nucleus
• b. spindle shaped
• c. striated
• d. gap junctions hold cells to one
  another
• e. a and c

ANSWER
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43
Other Muscle Types 100 Answer

• These structural characteristics apply to cardiac
  muscle
• a. single, centrally located nucleus
• b. spindle shaped
• c. striated
• d. gap junctions hold cells to one
  another
• e. a and c

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44
Other Muscle Types 200 Question

• The depolarization of cardiac muscle results from
  the influx of both Na and Ca2 across the plasma
  membrane.
• True/False

ANSWER
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45
Other Muscle Types 200 Answer

• The depolarization of cardiac muscle results from
  the influx of both Na and Ca2 across the plasma
  membrane.
• True/False

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46
Other Muscle Types 300 Question

• These are all properties of smooth muscle except
• a. contracts when stretched
• b. autorhythmic
• c. responds in all-or-none fashion to
  action potentials
• d. exhibits relatively constant tension

ANSWER
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47
Other Muscle Types 300 Answer

• These are all properties of smooth muscle except
• a. contracts when stretched
• b. autorhythmic
• c. responds in all-or-none fashion to
  action potentials
• d. exhibits relatively constant tension

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48
Other Muscle Types 400 Question

• These are the most important neurotransmitters
  that regulate smooth muscle
• a. acetylcholine
• b. norepinephrine
• c. dopamine
• d. epinephrine
• e. a and b

ANSWER
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49
Other Muscle Types 400 Answer

• These are the most important neurotransmitters
  that regulate smooth muscle
• a. acetylcholine
• b. norepinephrine
• c. dopamine
• d. epinephrine
• e. a and b

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50
Other Muscle Types 500 Question

• Waves of contraction traverse an entire sheet of
  visceral (unitary) smooth muscle due to the
  numerous gap junctions that allow action
  potentials to pass directly from cell to cell.
• True/False

ANSWER
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51
Other Muscle Types 500 Answer

• Waves of contraction traverse an entire sheet of
  visceral (unitary) smooth muscle due to the
  numerous gap junctions that allow action
  potentials to pass directly from cell to cell.
• True/False

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52
FINAL ROUND Question

• This condition would be found within the leg
  muscle cells of a good sprinter
• a. myoglobin-rich
• b. contract more slowly
• c. large deposits of glycogen
• d. primarily aerobic
• e. numerous mitochondria

ANSWER
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53
FINAL ROUND Answer

• This condition would be found within the leg
  muscle cells of a good sprinter
• a. myoglobin-rich
• b. contract more slowly
• c. large deposits of glycogen
• d. primarily aerobic
• e. numerous mitochondria

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