Chapter 13 Changes on the Western Frontier

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Chapter 13Changes on the Western Frontier
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1877 Rutherford Hayes becomes President
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Great Plains Indians1. The Horse2. The
Buffalo3. Family Life
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The Lure of Gold and Silver began to run rampant
among settlers in the East
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Tensions begin to mount

• Sand Creek Massacre
• Death on the Bozeman Trail
• Sioux Chief Red Cloud
• Crazy Horse

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Fort Laramie
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Treaty of Fort Laramie

• US Closed the Bozeman Trail
• Sioux agreed to move to reservation
• Sitting Bull only Sioux who did not sign treaty

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Sitting Bull

• Continued to protest the white mans invasion of
  their lands
• Famous for the wild west shows he was apart of
• Would meet the only man who had a chance a
  destroying the Sioux Nation

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General George A. Custer

• Red Headed
• Flamboyant
• Cocky
• Confident
• Hot tempered
• Stubborn

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Custer, Sitting Bull, and Crazy Horse met in one
ferocious battle

• Battle of Little Big Horn (AKA - Custers Last
  Stand)

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Sioux Life After Custers Last Stand

• Sitting Bull led the Indians to Canada
• They remained there until 1881
• To prevent his people from starving-Sitting Bull
  surrendered
• 1885 Appeared in Buffalo Bills Wild West Show

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Dawes Act

• Attempted to assimilate the Indians into American
  culture
• Broke up the reservation
• Gave the land to individual Indians
• 160 Acres to each head of the household
• 80 acres to each unmarried Adult

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Down fall of the Native American
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1881 James Garfield
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Uses for the buffalo
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The Battle of Wounded Knee

• The Ghost Dance
• Police came to arrest Sitting Bull
• Shots fired and Sitting Bull was Killed
• Dec. 28 Soldiers rounded up 360 Sioux Indians and
  demanded they give up their weapons
• Soldiers shot and slaughtered 300 unarmed Native
  Americans including Children
• Ended the Indian Wars forever

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Indian Problems solved

• Cattle ranching became big business in the west

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1st Cowboys

• Vaqueros Mexican Cowboys
• Longhorn cattle were imported from Spain
• Everything that became the American Cowboy
  derived its origins from the Mexican Vaqueros
• Jerky
• Chaps
• Bronco riding
• Coral
• Rodeo

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The Longhorn Steer
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As the demand for beef increased

• Cow towns began to form
• The long drives - 10 to 14 hour days
• Starting as young as 15 years old
• The round up

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Cow Towns Like Dodge City Began to form
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The Long Drives
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The Round Up
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Wild Bill Hickok Calamity Jane
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Wild Bill Hickok

• Served as a scout in Civil War
• Violent man
• Shot while play poker
• In his hand were two aces and two eights still
  to this day known as a dead mans hand

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Settling of the west

• Homestead Act 160 acres of land in west for any
  citizen who was the head of the household
• Exoduster blacks who moved west to escape the
  reconstruction south.

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Farming and Living in west

• Lived in Soddy's or Dug outs
• Women worked, schooled , and doctored the men and
  children of the west

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Agricultural Education

• Morrill Land Grant Act Set aside land for the
  establishment of colleges for agricultural
  improvement in farming

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Inventions that tamed the Prairie

• Steel Plow
• Barbed Wire
• Mechanical Reaper
• Steel Windmill

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Farmers began living on huge farms called Bonanzas
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Farmers began forming alliances with other farmers

• The Grange

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A new Political Party formed

• Populism
• Movement of the people
• Increase in money supply
• Graduated income tax system
• Federal loan program
• Eventually became the platform of the Democratic
  Party of today

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Panic of 1873

• William Jennings Bryan
• Cross of Gold Speech
• Silverites
• Gold Bugs

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Bimetallism

• 
  Gold
• Silver