Rivers

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Rivers

• Earth science
• Cammarano

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DRAINAGE BASIN

• The land area from which a stream gets its water
• The total number of streams that will flow into
  the larger river
• Ex. Mississippi River Drainage Basin- largest
  drainage basin in the united states

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DRAINAGE BASIN
Tiny Rivers that Flow into the Mississippi
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TRIBUTARY

• A stream that flows into the main river

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Tributary
Hudson river Tributary
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Ox Bow Lake

• A lake cut off from the original river
• Shaped like an Oxs Bow

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Oxbow Lake
River takes the shortcut
Slower moving water
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Oxbow lake
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Flood Plain

• An area next to a river that floods when a
  rivers water flows above the channel
• This area is constantly flooded

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Flood Plain
Higher Land- Levee
Higher Land- Levee
Area will flood
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Meander

• A curve in a river or a stream
• Remember-
• Erosion takes place on the outside of the meander
  fast moving water
• Deposition takes place on the inside of the
  meander- slower moving water (dump off)

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Meander
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NEW YOUNG RIVER

• Fast Moving Rapids
• Small flood plain
• Small number of tributaries
• Small drainage basin
• No Turns, Direct Path

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OLD RIVER

• Slow moving water
• Large flood plain
• Lots of tributaries
• Large drainage basin
• Lots of meanders (turns)
• Ox Bow Lakes

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OLD RIVER- THINK LAZY RIVER
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EROSION
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Objective Describe the Processes of Erosion

• What is Erosion
• Movement of weathered sediment ( dirt
  and rocks) from one place to another.

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STOP EROSION!

• ewr

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Evidence of Erosion

• Grand Canyon
• The Beach
• Sand Dunes

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Grand Canyon

• g

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The Major Agent of Erosion

• Gravity! What goes up. Must come down!

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Other agents of erosion

• 1. Wind
• 2. Running Water
• 3. Waves
• 4. Glaciers

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Types of Soil

• Transported Sediment that has been moved from
  its origin
• Ex Sand at the beach, concrete
• Residual Sediment that breaks down but does not
  move.
• Ex Soil

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NEW YORK SOIL?

• Transported sediment by glaciers
• LI is a glacier DUMP!

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Primary agent of Erosion?

• Running water
• What is another name for this evil erosion agent?
• River or a Stream

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Channel Shape and Velocity

• If you threw a pebble into the river channel,
  which location would its velocity be the
  greatest?
• D because it is in the middle less friction
• G, C, B, A, F- friction from the side of the
  river
• E friction from the surface (wind)

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Deposition
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What Does a Bob Sleigh Have in Common With
Erosion?
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Answer?

• Your moving fastest on the out side turns?
  erosion
• Move the slowest on the inside? Deposition
• Where is water moving the fastest?
• Erosion takes place at what locations?
• Where does deposition occur on the diagram?

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Turns Fast Erosion
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Shape of a river channel

• BI
• RD
• AC

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Evidence of a rivers presence

• riVer- make a V shape
• glaiCer- make a U shape

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Deposition

• The dumping of sediment because the streams
  velocity decreases

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Erosion and Deposition in a River
Erosion
Deposition
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Deposition in a River
River Dumps off sediment
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Erosion vs Deposition
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Stream Load

• The amount of sediment a stream can carry.
• The faster the velocity of the stream, the more
  sediment load the stream can carry.

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Three Main Ways To Carry Stream Load Include

• Solution- completely dissolved
• Suspension- the sediment flows with the stream
• Saltation-the sediment will roll along the bottom
  of the stream (abrasion)

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River Sorting

• Rivers are sorted
• What sized sediments do you think a river will
  dump off first when the river slows down?
• When the velocity of the river slows down it will
  dump off the heavier particles.
• First to get deposited Boulders
• Last to get deposited Clay
• The stream load order Boulders, Cobbles,
  Pebbles, Sand, Silt, Clay

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Boulders
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Pebbles
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Sand
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Silt
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Clay
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Organized Deposition
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ESRT!!!! ITS BAAAACK!!!