Waste To Energy Using The Biosphere Process™ System

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Waste To EnergyUsingThe Biosphere Process
System
FREEDOM RENEWABLE ENERGY CORPORATION

• A Clean Energy Solution For Processing Municipal
  Solid Waste

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The Waste Hierarchy breaking the link between
economic growth and waste growth

• Countries around the world produce massive
  amounts of waste.
• Most of this ends up in landfill where the
  bio-degradable part generates methane (a
  greenhouse gas) while valuable energy is used in
  extracting and processing raw materials.
• When applying the waste hierarchy there will be
  both economic and environmental cost benefits.
  Waste is a drag on the economy and business
  productivity.

Waste prevention
Re-use
Recycle/compost
Energy recovery
Disposal
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Waste To Energy No longer a negative return
expense
Fossil fuel consumption pollutes the air we
breathe and is a primary source of acid
rain. There is an urgent worldwide need for
cost-effective renewable energy sources and a
corresponding universal need to deal with harmful
by-products currently produced by traditional
methods of power generation and landfill

• Freedoms access to the Biosphere Process
  System technology places the company in a unique
  position to deliver virtually location
  independent, on-demand, safe renewable energy
• Less fossil fuels will need to be imported,
  providing immediate positive advantage to any
  states balance of payments
• The Biosphere Process System can unlock numerous
  large lucrative niche markets from its
  by-products
• The Biosphere Process System can deliver energy
  security and a cleaner environment for the future

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Extracting wastes embedded value
Waste Biosphere Process By-products
(embedded money) (extracted money)
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What is a Biosphere?

• A Biosphere is a gasification process
  developed by Dr. Christopher A. McCormack and
  works on the principle of a zero waste
  philosophy, base on a 30 year proven technology
• The Biosphere Process System is a revolutionary
  waste-to-energy process, which offers the
  potential of small-scale micro-power generation,
  on a town-by-town scale, using as its energy
  source the waste streams provided by industry,
  medicine, agriculture and local authorities.
• The process begins with the automatic separation
  of metals and plastics, the formation of organic
  compost and the heating of the organic residue
  left from the separation to very high
  temperatures (3,500C) in a separate chamber,
  which is deprived of oxygen.
• The heating of the organic waste in this manner
  (oxygen deprived environment) prevents
  combustion, smoke and odour and transforms the
  waste into steam and other gasses, which then run
  a turbine to produce electricity
• The Biosphere system also produces a series of
  by-products which can be sold
• The recycling of the calorific content of
  Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) will save money for
  private enterprises, local authorities and other
  generators of waste and will provide an efficient
  method of disposing of waste ecologically and
  economically.
• It can be noted that generally, in developed
  world countries, every man, woman and child
  produces at least half a ton (0.5 tons) of MSW
  per year. The vast majority of this material is
  placed in landfills and allowed to decay creating
  its own set of problems

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What Does The Biosphere Process SystemDo?

• The Biosphere Process System produces clean
  energy which fits with current and future
  government objectives and
• eliminates solid and liquid waste
• reduces landfill volume by 93
• consumes 172 tons of waste per unit per day
• recovers brown-field and landfill sites for
  development
• generates 7 10 Megawatts continuous power per
  hour
• distils 53,000 gallons of drinkable water per
  unit per hour
• produces inert ash sold to commercial and
  industrial markets (e.g. cement industry)

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Technology Overview

• The Biosphere Process System

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Biosphere Processing System -Key features

• The Biosphere Processing Systems modular and
  mobile system of recovery, recycling and re-use
  of precious natural resources successfully and
  efficiently diverts 100 of MSW away from
  landfill and standard methods of incineration and
  is
• Commercially successful on a small scale,
  processing as little as 65,000T of MSW per annum,
  thus reducing vehicle movements required to feed
  large traditional incinerator sites
• Efficient, converting 100 of MSW which do not
  need to be separated prior to gasification into
  recyclable materials and energy
• Possible as a mobile unit (can be situated on two
  tractors)
• Cost-effective, funding itself on the basis of
  gate fees only
• Capable of generating electricity, operating as
  its own electric sub-station, thus saving fossil
  fuel reserves
• Capable of continuous monitoring of emissions and
  production
• Meets all Environmental Air Emissions Standards
  including EPA, UN, EU and Kyoto Accord

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Environmental Acceptance

• Each assembled Biosphere Process System, will be
  tested by a third party environmental firm.,
  ensuring that it meets and exceeds the
  requirements of the newest EPA regulations, the
  newest European Union regulations and all
  appropriate operations and emissions standards in
  any clients jurisdictions.
• With the aid of an Environmental Firm .,
  Biosphere has been working with a number of State
  EPA agencies for the testing of the Biosphere
  Process System on homogenous waste streams of
  construction/demolition debris and/or tires,
  co-fired with municipal solid waste as feedstock.
• The Biosphere has received official approval from
  the State Environmental Protection Administration
  of China for the operation of its new MK-V
  Biosphere Process System at Chengzhou in Zhejiang
  province. Acceptance of the MK-V technology by
  The State Environmental Protection Administration
  of China is a momentous positive milestone .

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What feedstock / fuel source does the
Biosphere use?

• Biochemical waste
• Medical waste
• Used railroad crossties
• Biomedical waste
• PCBs
• Raw sewage and sewage sludge
• Used carpet
• Unusable soft coal

Carbon Atom
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What feedstock / fuel source does the
Biosphere use?

• Industrial by-products
• Oilfield waste
• Construction and demolition material
• Composite building material
• Pressure treated timber
• Tyres
• Agricultural surplus or effluent
• Anything manmade except concrete, glass, metals
  and nuclear waste

Carbon Atom
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How much rubbish/waste in tonnage is required per
line to operate the Biosphere per day?

• Each line will consume 172 tons per day.
• Each systems annual requirement is 64,000 tons.

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What is the quality of the different types of
rubbish/ waste?

• Tyres and plastics are petroleum-based products
  and hence will create a high temperature per
  weight.
• The Biosphere was designed to turn all waste into
  energy regardless of the compounds.

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Potential Revenue From Marketable By-products

• Apart from electricity the Biosphere Process
  System can extract other valuable by-products
• Pozzolonic ash residue has several commercial
  uses including use as a road base and a material
  for making concrete blocks. When included in
  cement mix, it provides iron oxide, silica and
  alumina that strengthens the cement.
• High alloy steel wire extracted from used tyres
  typically contains titanium or vanadium, and is a
  cost effective alternative to buying these
  materials separately when creating a steel melt
  that requires their inclusion
• Carbon black is produced when the system destroys
  tyres. It can produce up to 3,000 tons of 93
  pure carbon black annually, far higher than the
  conventional 65 average purity
• Glass can be recycled but there is not a huge
  market and so Freedom does not intend to separate
  out these materials
• Gypsum is a dry powder used to make wallboard.
  When mixed with water and spread onto road
  surfaces, it forms a protective barrier and
  lessens the effect of the freeze-thaw cycle.
  Gypsum is also sold as building plaster
• Nitrogen is used to dilute natural gas in higher
  altitudes where it burns differently than at
  lower altitudes. Also, pumping pressurised
  nitrogen into dry wells that encircle a field of
  under-performing gas wells drives gas within the
  circle to migrate into the production field,
  increasing the yield
• Water is another by-product and is produced to
  World Health Standards (potable water) though the
  revenue from this is difficult to quantify and is
  subject to local demands

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How much water does the Biosphere produce as a
by-product?

• The Biosphere Process System will produce
  200,000 liters / 52,834 gallons per hour or
  4,800,000 liters / 1,268,016 gallons per day of
  potable (drinkable) water.

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Does the gasification waste by-product need to be
land filled?

• NO ! NO LANDFILL

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Does the Biosphere operate 24 hours a day?

• Yes, once it is started it will run 24/7 for 11
  months at which point it is shut down for
  inspection and maintenance.

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How does the Biosphere work in detail?

• The system is based on the principles of
• separating MSW
• re-using and recycling products which are
  economically viable
• developing new products from waste materials,
• using residual waste material to produce
  micro-power generation.
• Following the collection of the MSW and its
  centralisation to a Biosphere Processing System
  facility, the process takes place in five
  distinct stages

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How does it work in detail?Stage 1 Collecting
Station

• MSW is collected and brought to a centralised
  Biosphere Process facility. Each facility is
  designed as a one stop shop providing for 100
  recycling of the total tonnage of MSW collected.

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How does it work in detail?Stage 2 MSW Sorting

• The MSW is sorted using the Biosphere Separator
  to provide for
• Compost production (20)
• Plastics and rubber recovery (10)
• Metals, glass and aggregate recovery (3, 5 and
  8)
• Material used for electrical power generation
  (54)

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How does it work in detail?Stage 2 - continued

• Operating at a rate of 30T/hour, each receiving
  line separates MSW into two feedstock streams
  comprising putrescible (organic) and
  non-putrescible (non-organic) materials.

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How does it work in detail?Stage 2 - continued

• Putrescible materials
• These comprise approximately 20 by volume and
  rapidly composted and recycled into high nutrient
  value soil additives and fertilizers using a
  proprietary vertical accelerated composter.
• Ongoing developments at the Romanov-Reynolds
  Research Institute are directed towards
  increasing yet further the percentage of
  putrescible materials recovered and recycled
  through composting. Compost derived from MSW has
  proven to be an excellent adjuvant for the
  remediation of semi-arid areas in North Africa
  and the Middle east.

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How does it work in detail?Stage 2 - continued

• Non-putrescible materials
• These materials are further sorted to allow
  approximately 10 of plastics and rubber recovery
  before being shredded in advance of recovery of
  valuable metals. All of the recoverable aluminium
  and ferrous metals are removed from the waste
  stream using rotating trammels equipped with bank
  magnets and also hand-picking stations designed
  to achieve the maximum possible percentage
  recovery of these valuable materials.

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How does it work in detail?Stage 2 - continued

• Finally glass, aggregates, concrete products and
  sand are removed using a Biosphere Separator
  which achieves the following percentages
• Metals 3
• Glass 5
• Aggregates, concrete, dirt and sand 8
• Residual materials suitable for power generation
  by volume of the initial MSW maximum of 54

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How does it work in detail?Stage 3

• During this stage, all material is forced through
  a Biosphere Densifier, which compacts MSW into
  20g flakes with 15-20 moisture, termed Biosphere
  Flakes, at the rate of 5 8T/hour
• These flakes drive the Biosphere Process

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How does it work in detail?Stage 4

• In this stage, the Biosphere Flakes are
  converted into a 3,500C flux using a Biosphere
  Venturi.
• This process is designed to produce inert ash
  which is then recycled into concrete, masonry
  products and carbon black.
• In doing so, the process ensures 100 recycling
  of all MSW handled through the Biosphere Process
  System, completely replacing traditional land
  filling as a method of waste disposal.

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How does it work in detail?Stage 5 (Final Stage)

• During this final stage of the process, the
  3,500C flux produced in Stage 4 is used to
  produce steam in a high-pressure boiler, which is
  then used to power a gas turbine for Micro-Power
  Generation (6MW Mk V turbine)
• As a by-product of the production of electricity,
  contaminated, dirty stream water, which is
  employed initially as a circulating coolant, is
  purified by evaporation and re-condensation
  resulting in its release as pure drinking water
  (potable water)

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Who are the competitors to gasification systems?

• Local authorities and private enterprises engaged
  in refuse and waste removal processing. There are
  several reasons for this. Many of these
  competitors have significantly greater financial
  resources and an established market presence. The
  production of the Biosphere Process System is an
  investment that many local authorities and
  companies may not wish to undertake due to
  limited budgets or existing commitments to
  alternative waste removal methods.
• Other traditional alternatives, including
  landfill, large scale recycling and current
  methods of incineration. Traditional companies
  comprise over 90 of the market share, but that
  amount is decreasing as energy demands change.

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What is the difference between traditional
incinerators and the gasification process used in
the Biosphere Process System?

• INCINERATORS
• Incinerators typically operate at atmospheric
  pressure and temperatures at 870C to 1,200C
  (1,400 to 2,200F) with the mineral matter or ash
  in the waste not completely fused (as slag)
  during the incineration processes. Ash solids
  will either exit the bottom/discharge and of the
  combustion chambers as bottom ash or as
  particulate matter entrained in the combustion
  flue gas stream.
• There are four major types of combustion chamber
  designs used in modern incineration systems. In
  many cases, excess fuel and oxygen must be added
  to increase incineration temperature to improve
  destruction and removal efficiency. This also
  increases the production and emission of carbon
  dioxide a damaging greenhouse gas

Incinerator Examples
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What is the difference between traditional
incinerators and the gasification process used in
the Biosphere Process System?

• GASIFICATION
• Gasification technologies differ in many aspects
  but share certain general production
  characteristics. Typical raw materials used in
  gasification are coal, petroleum-based materials
  (crude oil, high sulfur fuel oil, petroleum coke,
  and other refinery residuals), gases, or
  materials that would otherwise be disposed of as
  waste.
• Gasification typically operates in an
  oxygen-starved environment at 20 70 bars of
  pressure (290.075 1015.26 psi).
• Gasification adds value to low- or negative-value
  feed stocks by converting them into marketable
  fuels and products.
• With the Biosphere Process System, the feedstock
  reacts in a reducing (oxygen-starved) atmosphere
  at a very high temperature of 3,500C in the
  Biosphere Venturi and to create a storm flux.
  The heating of the organic waste in this manner
  prevents combustion, smoke, odour and traditional
  harmful emissions and is therefore capable of
  being placed directly in the centre of a town
  with no pollution to the atmosphere

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Summary

• 5 - 7MwH Micro-Power Generation Gasification
  System Using Waste-To-Energy
• The Biosphere Process System is a cleantech
  modular waste to energy solution utilising the
  Zero Waste philosophy
• Mobile unit (can be situated on two tractor
  trailers)
• Converts MSW, used tyres, sugar cane bagasse,
  refinery wastes, agricultural surpluses, medical
  waste and many other waste materials into clean,
  green electricity and marketable by-products
• Meets all Environmental Air Emissions Standards
  including EPA, UN, EU and Kyoto Accord
• Continuous Monitoring of emissions and production
• Waste streams do not need to be separated prior
  to gasification

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Summary

• 5 to 8 tons of waste per hour equal 7 mega-watts
  of electricity per hour (each megawatt is capable
  of generating enough electricity in a year to
  power about 1000 average U.S. homes)
• The system can be delivered in 6 to 8 weeks
  enabling a fast renewable energy turn-key
  solution and energy security
• Increasing global legislation provides for an
  expanding business environment as governments and
  private enterprises are paying and will continue
  to pay increasingly higher fees for safe and
  environmentally sound disposal of waste
• NO MORE HAZARDOUS LANDFILL !

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Summary

• Green Electricity (5 to 8 tons of waste equal
  5 or more MwH)

• Compost Production

• Potable (drinkable) water to World Health
  Standards

• Metals

• Cement (Pozzolanic Ash)

Marketable By-products
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Biosphere Process System Specifications and Terms

• Biosphere / Freedom service support contract
  term 25 years
• System unit size 2 of 13.5 x 3.5 x 3.6 meter
  units
• Suggested local building size 300 square meters
• System total weight 54 tonnes
• Remote monitoring options ISDN, GSM, Radio,
  Internet (digital video)

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Capital and Operational Costs

• Freedom Energy Biosphere Process System
• Freedom will arrange 100 financing of
  the Biosphere Process System if the buyer signs
  a long term 'take or pay' contract.
• The above funds generated from the 'take or pay
  contract' will be used to repay the loans
  advanced if it is a joint venture.
• The buyer will also commit to supply the waste
  for the period of the contract.
• Freedom Energy will manage the supply and provide
  electricity and have a tipping contract in
  connection with the collection of waste
• Freedom may consider selling the Biosphere
  Process System outright in the future, although
  this is not available today