Japan

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Japan
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I. Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system that
exchanges land for loyalty and military service.
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A. Japanese Feudalism

• Japan had an emperor, but rival clans battled for
  land.
• Warlords formed groups loyal to them, not the
  emperor.

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• 1. A shogun is supreme military commander.
• 2. A daimyo is a powerful landowner.

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• a. The shogun gave land to daimyo in exchange
  for protection.
• b. The most successful was the Tokugawa
  Shogunate, who ruled from 1603 - 1868.

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• 3. Samurai, or warriors whose name means those
  who serve got land from the daimyo.

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a. Bushido, or way of the warrior is a code of
honor, bravery, and loyalty that Samurai
followed.
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• B. Samurai who betrayed the code of bushido had
  to commit seppuku, or ritual suicide, rather than
  live without honor. The samurai would impale
  himself on his sword.
• C. Ronin were hired soldiers and were considered
  lower class.

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• Unlike the solid steel plates used by European
  knights, Japanese armor consisted of thin strips
  of steel held together by brightly colored silk
  cords.

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• The true samurai was supposed to have no fear of
  death.
• If you think of saving your life, it was said,
  you had better not go to war at all.
• Samurai prepared for hardship by going hungry or
  walking barefoot in the snow.
• It was said, When a samurais stomach is empty,
  it is a disgrace to feel hungry.

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• 4. Peasants, artisans and merchants were below
  samurai
• a. 75-90 of Japan
• Peasants formed the backbone of feudal society.
• What does that mean?

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• Peasant families cultivated rice and other crops
  on estates of samurai.
• Some peasants served as soldiers rarely, some
  even became samurai.

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CASTLES
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• Lets compare European Feudalism to
• Japanese Feudalism!

Similarities
Differences
Differences
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• European Feudalism

• Japanese Feudalism

Emperor - Highest position but no political power
Pope
King
Shogun - Actual ruler
Daimyo -Powerful landowners
Lords and nobles
Samurai- gave protection for land Code of
Bushido- behavior code Seppuku- ritual suicide,
rather than live without honor
Knights Code of Chivalry
Peasants and artisans- provided food and weapons
Serfs
Merchants- High Middle Ages
Merchants- gained status slowly
Later
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Japan Land of the Rising Sun
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• I. Geography
• A. Japan is an archipelago, or chain of islands
  in the Pacific O.
• B. Most of Japan is mountainous so people
  settled in arable or farmable river valleys and
  along coastal plains.

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C. Japan is in the Ring of Fire or Pacific Rim of
Fire, a region with many earthquakes and volcanoes

• .

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Mt. Fuji
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• D. A Tsunami is a huge tidal wave.
• E. A Typhoon is a hurricane in the Pacific

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Failure to Conquer Japan
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• In 1274 and again in 1281, Kublai Khan sent huge
  fleets to invade Japan.
• Both times, the Japanese turned them back.
• A typhoon (kamikaze) even destroyed one Mongol
  fleet.

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Farming is harder
Mountains
Less unity
Geography of Japan
Islands
Shintoism- religion based on nature spirits
Sea provides food, transportation, isolation,
protection
Close to China and Korea
Cultural diffusion
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II. Culture
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A. Chinas influence on Japan
Buddhism Spread and flourished Zen Buddhism
Values peace, simple living, nature and beauty.
Confucianism proper behavior, loyalty, honoring
parents (filial piety) and respect for learning

• Writing

Japan adapted Chinese writing system to their
language.
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Harmony should be valued and quarrels (argument)
should be avoided. Everyone has his bias
(prejudice) and few men are far-sighted.
Therefore some disobey their lords and fathers
and keep up feuds (arguments) with their
neighbors. But when superiors are in harmony
with each other an inferiors are friendly, then
affairs are discussed quietly and the right view
of matters prevails (do well). Prince Shotoku
What philosophy does Prince Shotoku seem to be
influenced by? Why?
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• B. The Japanese practiced Selective borrowing,
  keeping some Chinese ideas and rejected others.

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C. Japanese Art
Title The Great Wave Off Kanagawa Artist
Katsushika Hokusai Date Edo period, c. 1828
Museum/ Source Honolulu Academy of Arts,
Hawaii Medium Polychrome woodblock print on
paper Size 9 7/8" X 14 5/8" (25 X 37.1 cm)
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1. Calligraphy
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2. Origami The Art of Japanese Paper Folding
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Origami
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• 3. Colorful woodblock prints became popular.

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D. Theater

• 1. Kabuki plays often showed family or historical
  events.
• -Dressed in colorful costumes, actors used
  exaggerated movements to convey action.

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Kabuki Theater
An interior of a Kabuki theater.
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E. Literature

• Japanese poets adapted Chinese models, creating
  miniature poems called haiku.
• In only 3 lines and 17 syllables, feeling is
  expressed.

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Haiku 17-syllable poem
Spring departs.Birds cryFishes' eyes are filled
with tears.
Matsuo Basho, Master of Haiku
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AncestorWorship
Polytheism
Natural features Trees, rocks, and mountains
Shinto
GreatCreator
The Worldof the kami
Minimizesin guilt
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Zen Buddhism
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1. During Japans feudal age, Zen Buddhism
   emphasized meditation and duty.
2. Zen stressed compassion for all yet samurai
   fought to kill.

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• At Zen monasteries, upper-class men learned to
  express devotion to nature in such activities as
  landscape gardening.

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• Zen monks were the leading scholars and artisans
  of feudal Japan. The temple served as a Zen
  monastery and a peaceful retreat for visiting
  shoguns seeking advice.

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• The elaborate rituals of the tea ceremony
  reflected Zen values of peace, simplicity, and
  love of beauty.

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Tea Ceremony
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A Japanese Tea Master
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A Japanese Tea House
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Bonzai A Unique Method of Meditation
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Japanese Garden for Meditation
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Japanese Zen Garden
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Japanese Sand Garden
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Miniature Rock/Sand Garden
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Torii Gate in Winter
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Torii Gate
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Torii Gate
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DOMO ARIGATO!