???? ?????? System Unit

1
???????? ???????

• ???? ?????? System Unit

2
?????? ???????
???????? ??????? ??????? (Hardware)
????? ????? ???? ????????? ????????
?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????
??????? Hardware? ?????????? Software? ????????
??? ???????? People ?? ???? ???????? ??????????
???????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ??
???????.
3
?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??
????
???? ????? ??? ?? ????

• ?????? ???? Motherboard
• ??????? Processor
• ????? ??????? Expansion Slots
• ??????? Ports
• ??????? ????????
• ???? ????? Bus Lines Main Storage
• ????? ????? ??????? ???????? (???? ???????)

4
?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??
????
???? ?????? ???????? System Unit
????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????
?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????
???? Motherboard ???? ????? ??????? Processor
???????? ???????? Main Storage? ????? ?????
???????? bus Lines? ?????? ???????? ?????????
Input/Output Ports? ?????? ??????? Expansion
Slots? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????
?????? ????? Hard Disk ??????? ??????? Disk
Drives ????? ?????? Power Supply ?????? ???????
5
?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????
???? ?????? ???????? System Unit
???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????
??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????
?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?????
?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????
????????? ???? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????
?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?????????
?????? ??? ??????? ????????.
6
?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????
???? ?????? ???????? System Unit
????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????
????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ????
Power Supply?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????
??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? Cooling
Fans? ?????? ????? Bay ??????? ??????? ????????
?????? Ports ???? ?????? ??????? ????????
????????.
7
?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????
???? ?????? ???????? System Unit
?????? ???? Motherboard
?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????
???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ????
????? ???????.
8
?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????
???? ?????? ???????? System Unit
??????? Processor
???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???????. ??????
??????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ???
?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????????
???????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??
???????.
9
???? ?????? ???????? System Unit

• ????? ??????? CPU ??
• ???? ?????? Control Unit
• ???? ?????? ? ?????? Arithmetic and Logic Unit
• ???????? Registers

10
????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????
???? ?????? ???????? System Unit
1. ???? ??????Control Unit CU ????? ??????? ??
???????? ??????? ? - ???? ???????? ?? ?????
??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????
????????. ? - ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????
???????? ????? ?????? ???????. ? - ???? ?????????
?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????
?????? ??????? ????????.
11
????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????
???? ?????? ???????? System Unit

• ???? ?????? ??????? Arithmetic and Logic Unit
  ALU
• ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????
  (?????? ?????? ?????? ??????) ????????? ????????
  (???? ??? ??? ??? ?????...) ??? ????????

12
????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????
???? ?????? ???????? System Unit

• ???????? Registers

13
????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????
???? ?????? ???????? System Unit
???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????
???? ???? Intel ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????
???? ??????? ?????? Pentium ????????? ?? ????
IBM? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ????
AMD ???? ???? ??????? ????? Athlon ????????? ??
????. ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? Notebook
??? ??????? ??????? Centrino ????? ????? ????
???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ??????
14
???? ?????????

• ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????
  ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ? ???? ????
  ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????
  ???? ??????.
• ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????
  ??????????? Megahertz (MHz) ?? ????? ????? ??
  ???????.
• ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????????
  Gigahertz (GHz) ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????.

15
???? ?????? ???????? System Unit
????? ??????? Expansion Slots
??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????
Expansion Cards ??????? ???? Motherboard ???
?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????
?????? ????????? ???????. ????? ?? ???? ??????
??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????
????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????

• ISA ???? ?????? ??? "Industry Standard
  Architecture".
• PCI ???? ???????? ?? "Peripheral Component
  Interconnect".
• AGP ???? ???????? ?? "Accelerated Graphics Port".

16
????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????
??????? Ports
??????? Ports ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????
??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????.
????????? ??????? ????????Serial Port ? ??????
???????? Parallel Port? ?????? IDE??????
???????? ????? USB ????? ?????? FireWire.
17
????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????
??????? Ports
?????? ???????? Serial Port ?????? ?? ??????
?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? PS/2?
????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? PS/2 ?????
?? ?????? ????????.
18
????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????
???? ?????? ???????? System Unit
?????? ???????? Parallel Port ?????? ?????? ??
????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????. ??? ?? ????? ???
???????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? Bus ??? ????
?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????
???? ???? ????? ?????. ????? ???? ?? ?????
??????? ?? LPT1/LPT2.
19
????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????
???? ?????? ???????? System Unit
?????? ???????? ?????? Universal Serial
Bus-USB ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????????? ????
???????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????
???????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???
???????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????
??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????
?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???
????????? ???? ??????. ????? ??????? ??? ??????
?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??
???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????
??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????.
20
????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????
???? ?????? ???????? System Unit
???? ?????? Firewire ??????? ????? ???????
IEEE 1394 ????? ?????? ?? ????? 64 ???? ??? ?????
???? ??? ??? 400 ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????
?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? b 1394 ????? ???????
??? 800 ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ????.
21
????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????
???? ?????? ???????? System Unit
???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????
?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? 10 ?????. ???? ???
??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????
??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???
??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????
??????? ??????.
22
????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????
???? ?????? ???????? System Unit
???? ?????? ??? ??????? Infrared Port ??????
??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????
Infrared ??? ???????. ?????? ????? ????????? ???
?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????
??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????.
23
????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????
???? ?????? ???????? System Unit
??????? ???????? (???? ??????? ???????? Main
Storage-Memory) ????? ??????? ???????? ???????
???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????
????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? Random Access
Memory ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????
????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? Read Only
Memory.
24
????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????
???? ?????? ???????? System Unit
????? ??????? ???????? - ????? Random Access
Memory-RAM ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????
????? ????? Temporary Memory ????? ???? ?????????
????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??
??????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????? Volatile
Memory. ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????
???????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????
???????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????
?????? ??? ???? ???????.
25
????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????
???? ?????? ???????? System Unit
????? ??????? ??? ????? Read Only Memory-ROM
??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????
??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ????????
???. ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????
?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???
??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????
???? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ????????? Non
Volatile Memory ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???
?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????.
26
????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????
???? ?????? ???????? System Unit
???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ROM ??????
??????? ???????? RAM
27
????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????
???? ?????? ???????? System Unit
??????? ??????? Cache Memory ??????? ???????
?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????
???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???????
?????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ??? ??????? ??
??? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????
?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????
??????? ????????.
28
???? ?????? ???????? System Unit

• ???? ????? Bus Lines
• ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????
  ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ???
  ????? ??????? ????????.
• ? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????
• ???? ??? ??????? Address Bus Lines
• ???? ??? ???????? Data Bus Lines
• ???? ??? ????? ?????? Control Bus Lines

29
???? ?????? ???????? System Unit
?????? ??????? Disk Drives ????? ???? ??????
???????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????
???????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????
???? ?? ???? ????? ?????. ???? ????? ???????
?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????
????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? Floppy
Disk drive ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????
??? ????? ??? CD-ROM ?????? ??? DVD ????????
??????.
???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????
???? ??????? ??????
30
????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????
???? ?????? ???????? System Unit
?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????
31
???? ?????? ???????? System Unit
???? ?????? Power Supply ????? ?? ????
???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????
??????? AC 110 ?? 220 ??? ???? ????? DC ???????
?? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????
??????? ????????.