Therapies

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CHAPTER 15

• Therapies

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Therapies

• Biological (medicine) vs. Psychotherapy
  (counseling)
• Drug Therapy (anxiety disorders, mood disorders,
  schizophrenia)
• Antianxiety drugs/tranqilizers (Xanax, Valium,
  Librium)
• Antidepressant drugs (Elavil, Nardil, Prozac,
  Paxil, Zoloft)
• Lithium (bipolar disorder)
• Antipsychotic drugs (Clozaril, Risperdal)
• Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)/shock therapy
  (depression)
• Psychosurgery (prefrontal lobotomy)

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Psychotherapies

• Psychodynamic
• Humanistic
• Behavior
• Cognitive

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Psychotherapies (cont.)

• Integrative
• Group
• Family
• Couples
• Self-help groups

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Psychodynamic Therapies

• Psychodynamic Therapyfocuses on the unconscious
  mind, extensive therapist interpretation, and the
  effects of early childhood experiences
• Psychoanalysis (Freud)suggests that an
  individuals problems can be traced back to
  childhood experiences involving conflicts about
  sexuality
• Free association
• Catharsis
• Dream analysis
• Resistance
• Transference
• Contemporary psychodynamic therapies

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Humanistic Therapies

• Humanistic Therapyencourages insight and
  awareness emphasizes conscious thought, the
  present, self-understanding, and personal growth
• Client-Centered (Rogers)therapist engages in
  unconditional positive regard (a warm, supportive
  atmosphere is created) and self-reflection is
  encouraged
• Nondirective therapist role
• Genuineness
• Active listening
• Gestalt therapy (Perls)emphasizes bringing the
  past into the present challenges clients
  therapist confronts individuals and encourages
  them to be open and actively control their lives

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Behavior Therapies

• Behavior therapiesuse principles of learning to
  reduce or eliminate maladaptive behaviors
  active-oriented strategies are used to help
  individuals change behavior
• Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)
• Systematic desensitization (used to treat fears)
• Aversive conditioning (used to treat undesirable
  habits)
• Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
• Behavior modification (replacing bad behaviors
  with good ones)
• Token economy

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Cognitive Therapies

• Cognitive Therapiesattempt to change feelings
  and behaviors by changing cognitions (cognitive
  restructuring)
• Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
  (Albert)rationally challenges irrational,
  self-defeating thoughts
• Cognitive therapy (Beck)less direct form of
  therapy
• Cognitive-behavior therapyuses
  self-instructional methods stresses
  self-efficacy

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Integrative Therapy

• Combines different therapies based on therapist
  judgment and clients needs

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Other Therapies

• Group Therapy (information universality
  altruism family group social skills
  interpersonal learning)
• Family Therapy
• Couples Therapy
• Self-help Groups

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Preventive Health Care

• Primary prevention (reduction of new cases)
• Secondary prevention (screening for early
  detection of problems and early intervention)
• Tertiary prevention (treat current problems)

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Psychotherapeutic Effectiveness

• Influences
• Ethnicity
• Gender
• Meta-analysis
• Common themes in effective therapy
• Positive expectations
• Mastery
• Emotional arousal
• Therapeutic relationship

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Receipt of Therapy

• Cost
• Therapist qualifications