Contemporary Psychology

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Contemporary Psychology

• Cognitive Developments Paradigm ShiftA return
  to Consciousness

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Gestalt Influences

• Emphasized perception, thinking, and
  problem-solving
• E.g., laws of perceptual organization

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Exceptions to Behaviorism

• Cognitive development of children (1923-1952)
• Progressive stage development

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Exceptions to Behaviorism

• Frederick Bartlett the concept of "schemas
  investigations of the constructive nature of
  memory (Remembering, 1932)
• Cambridge U.
• No nonsense syllables!
• No introspection
• War of the Ghosts

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Linguistics

• Noam Chomsky
• Behaviorism cant explain human language
  acquisition
• innate structures
• special mechanisms for learning, understanding,
  and using language

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Memory

• George Miller "The Magical Number Seven, Plus or
  Minus Two" (1956)
• limited capacity for information processing
• landmark

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Cognitive Revolution

• Ulric Neisser
• First textbook in cognitive psychology Cognition
  (1967)
• Definition of cognition everything a person
  might do
• William McKeachie
• 1976 APA presidential address Psychologys image
  of human nature was becoming human
• "Consciousness" (Natsoulas, 1978) published in
  the American Psychologist (APA)

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InformationProcessing
Alan Turing

• Computer metaphor
• Artificial intelligence Building a brain
• The Turing Machine (Turing Test)
• 1) Human Input
• 2) Transmitted to computer in another room.
• 3) If a human can not distinguish between the
  person and the computer, than the computer passes
  the test
• The Chinese Room (John Searle, 1980)
• Weak vs. strong AI
• Weak simulation is a tool
• Strong simulation is intelligence
• Neural networks and parallel distributed
  processing

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Other Directions

• Animal cognition
• animal memory is complex and flexible
• some parallels with human cognitive processes
• behavioral psychologists continue to reject the
  notion
• Cognitive science
• an amalgamation
• some psychology departments renamed cognitive
  science departments
• Cognitive neuroscience