The Medieval Period (Pg 22)

1
The Medieval Period (Pg 22)

• 1066-1485
• 1066-Norman ConquestWilliam the Conqueror
  defeats Harold at Hastings, becomes king of
  England
• Medieval PeriodMiddle ages

2
Feudalism

• William introduced feudalisma political and
  economic system in which the hierarchy of power
  was based on the premise that the king owned all
  the land in the kingdom.
• ¼ for King ¼ for church ½ to nobles or barons
  who supplied the king with warriors called
  knights

3
Serfs

• Conquered Anglo-Saxons that were bound to the
  land they could not own
• Did not speak French, the language of the nobles
• Spoke a mixture of French and English known as
  Middle English that adapted into the language we
  speak today

4
--Economics--DOMESDAY BOOK

• 1085For tax purposes, William ordered the
  compilation of a detailed survey of the land and
  population of England
• A modern day Census
• Translates to day of judgment

5
--SociologyWomens Rights

• A womans status was based on her husband or
  fathers position in society
• She held husbands rank
• Remained subservient to the husband
• Men maintained all the property and wealth
• Women ran the house, sewed, weaved, cooked

6
--ArchitectureCATHEDRALS

• RomanesqueMassive, richly decorated
• Took decades or centuries to build
• Built in gratitude to God
• Built as acts of penitence
• Built along pilgrimage routes
• Churches became the most corrupt institution of
  the Medieval Period

7
--HistoryTHE CRUSADES

• 1096-1270
• The Christian response to the expansion of Islam
  into the holy land of Jerusalem
• 8 major expeditions
• For the Knights these were part Holy War, part
  pilgrimage, and sometimes profitable

8
--HistoryTHE CRUSADES

• The Childrens Crusades of 1212
• Legend has it that a boy was visited by Jesus and
  told to convert the Muslims to Christianity
• He gained a following of 30,000 children who
  followed him towards the Holy Land
• The waters of the Marseilles would not part and
  the children were sold into slavery

9
Literary History

• Common folk relied on oral tradition to tell
  stories
• BalladsBrief narrative poems sung to musical
  accompaniment
• Mystery and Miracle Playswhich dramatized
  episodes from the Bible and from saints lives
• Morality PlaysTaught moral lessons

10
--LawPARLIAMENT

• Edward I--The kings Great Council
• Meeting place or talking place for nobles,
  knights and clergy
• Became a representation for townships akin to the
  democratic process we use

11
King Henry II

• Sent four loyal knights to murder Thomas a
  Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury
• Reformed the judicial system
• Established a system of juries
• Initiated English common laws
• Becket quickly became a saint, his shrine a
  popular pilgrimage destination

12
How to Become a Saint

• You have to be close to God
• Help the poor
• Be good and kind to people when you are alive
• Perform two miracles after you have passed away.

13
King Henry II

• His wife brought the ideas of chivalry, a code of
  honor among knights
• The code encouraged knights to protect ladies and
  go on holy quests (Crusades)
• His son was Richard I, called Richard the
  Lion-Hearted
• Richard fought in the crusades, his brother John
  plotted against him (Robin Hood)

14
Decline of Feudalism

• Growth of towns and population of commoners
• Increase in trade due to Crusades
• Guilds formed to stabilize prices and set rules
  for advancement of craftsmen pg 24

15
Plague

• Crowding and poor sanitation
• Rats and fleas imported from cargo ships
• Black Death (Bubonic Plague) killed a third of
  Englands population in 1300s
• Bring out your dead!

16
Plague Rap

• Ring around the rosie- ring-like sores that
  formed on people's skin.Pockets full of posies-
  Flowers that were stuffed into pockets to ward
  off the stenchAshes, ashes, we all fall down-
  ashes alludes to the funeral pyres ashes and the
  falling down was everybody dying

17
Romances

• Tales of chivalric knights, many featured King
  Arthur and his round table
• Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
• Le Morte dArthur (The death of Arthur) by Sir
  Thomas Malory

18
Geoffrey Chaucer pg 106

• 1340?-1400
• The Father of English Literature
• Chaucer is French for shoemaker
• 1357Became an attendant for the Princes wife
• 1359French POW in 100 yr war, ransomed by the
  court

19
Geoffrey Chaucer

• As the Kings messenger, he traveled to Italy
  (Dante) and France (The Romance of the Rose)
• The Parliament of Fowlscommemorated the wedding
  of Richard II
• 1386Became a Knight
• King Henry IV took over but Chaucer remained in
  the court

20
Geoffrey Chaucer

• 1400Died (possibly from the Plague) Buried in
  Londons Westminster Abbey (Poets CornerJohn
  Dryden, Tennyson, Robert Browning)
• Did not complete all the Canterbury Tales

21
The Canterbury Tales

• 1387A collection of verse and prose tales told
  by pilgrims traveling to Canterbury to see the
  shrine of Saint Thomas a Becket
• Unfinished at the time of Chaucers death
• Chaucer portrayed himself in the tale as a short,
  plump pilgrim

22
The Prologue (Introduction)

• Vocabulary word
• accrue, agility, courtliness, defer, diligent,
  disdain, dispatch, eminent, frugal, malady, mode,
  personable, repine, sedately, wield

23
The Prologue

• Tonewriters attitude toward the works subject
  or characters (ironic, satiric, humorous)
• Characterizationthe means by which a writer
  develops a characters personality
• (description, speech, thoughts, actions)

24
Pilgrimage

• Generally began with a priests blessing
• Wore clothing that identified them as pilgrims
• Stayed in roadside hospices
• Walked or road horses, roads became very muddy
  when wet
• Could buy a small badge of cast pewter as a
  souvenir

25
The Prologue

• Social Diversity, a microcosm
• Chaucer describes the 29 pilgrims, providing
  insight into the larger society
• Narrative poemmore formal than most poems of the
  14th century
• Poetic verse formrhymed and iambic pentameter
• Opens with an apostrophe or address to spring

26
The Prologue

• ZephyrusGreek god of west wind
• RamAstrologyindicates a reference to 14th
  century science
• This narrative poem was directed towards the
  noble class, not the commoners
• SettingBegins in London (not Canterbury)
• Medieval England was experiencing a warming
  period

27
The Prologue

• SettingBegins across the Thames River, where,
  200 years later, Shakespeares Globe Theater will
  be erected
• Tabard Inn (Drum)you beat a drum when you want
  people to join you
• Harry Bailey is the Innkeeper
• 100 miles to Canterbury
• 4-day journey by horse

28
The Prologue

• Purpose of trip is as much social as
  religiousSpring Break
• Travel in a band for safety (Brigands and
  Highwaymen)
• Harry Bailey decrees that each pilgrim will
  provide 4 tales (29 X 4 116)
• Winner will get a free dinner
• Generally, the best tales come from the worst
  people

29
The Prologue

• Each pilgrim is a stereotype of their profession
  (priests are priestly, knights are knightly)
• But some are mixed with irony
• The KnightChivalrous, noble, returned from the
  Crusades
• The Knights sona Squirea ladys man
• The Yeomanan attendant to the knight

30
The Prologue (Nun)

• The Nun Prioress
• Madam Eglantyne
• Speaks French
• Eats delicately
• Weep if she saw a mouse in a trap
• Lap dogs that dine better than the population
• Fine features (a broad forehead)

31
The Prologue (pg 134-136)The HOST

• HostHarry Bailey, Innkeeper of Tabard
• Description Jovial, generous, self-confidant,
  wide girth
• Proposes that each pilgrim share two tales on way
  to Canterbury, two on way back
• Winner get a supper, paid by all
• Offers to come along and be judge
• Drew lots to decide who begins the tales

32
The Prologue (Nun)

• Forehead should have been modestly covered by a
  wimple, equivalent of showing legs
• Broach Love conquers all, should say religion
  conquers all
• She is a hypocrite but Chaucer only winks at her
  sins, Christianity is all inclusive

33
The Prologue

• Tonedetached and ironic
• ToneHarry Bailey understates the greed and
  hypocrisy, allows readers to draw their own
  conclusions
• Example, The Nun Prioress Her sexy forehead,
  feeding her dogs meat and milk, her broach Amor
  vincit omnia (Love conquers all)

34
The Pardoners Prologue (pg 142-151)

• Vocabulary Words
• ADVERSARY, AVARICE, CASTIGATE, COVETOUSNESS,
  PALLOR, PARLEY, SAUNTER, TRANSCEND, VERMIN, WARY

35
The Pardoners Prologue (pg 142-151)

• Very honest about his dishonesty
• Theme Radix malorum est cupiditas (love of money
  is the root of all evilBible translated from
  Hebrew to Latin)
• Avarice and cupidityGreed (avarice is one of the
  seven deadly sins)

36
The Pardoners Prologue

• Seems contemptuous toward those to whom he
  preaches (ie. They can go blackberrying, for all
  I care!)
• And thus I preach against the very vice I make
  my living out ofavarice. (Irony)
• Verse 55For though I am a wholly vicious man,
  dont think I cant tell moral tales. I can!
  example of _____________

37
The Pardoners Prologue

• Hypocrisy

38
The Pardoners Tale (pg 144-151)

• Three rowdy drunks hear a coffin bell
• Tell the tavern nave to report back
• Dead man was a friend of theirs (plague)
• Death as a thief is an example of _______
• Verses 79-81, Be on guard is an example of
  this literary technique_______

39
The Pardoners Tale

• Personification
• Foreshadowing

40
The Pardoners Tale

• The rioters make a pact (brotherhood) that they
  will kill this traitor Death
• Encountered an old man, the three were very
  disrespectful (verse 114)
• Old man respondsI cant find one who would
  change his youth to have my age
• Verse 130implores Mother earth to open up for
  him (personification)

41
The Pardoners Tale

• The gambler accuses the old man of collaborating
  with death
• The old man directs the rioters to death, sitting
  under an oak tree
• They found a pile of gold florins (coins)
• Verse 178Fortune means Fate
• Verse 182our lucky day (Irony and
  foreshadowing)

42
The Pardoners Tale

• One rioter is chosen to go to town for food
• The two remaining conspire against the young man
  (parleydiscussion)
• Plotted to stab him with daggers
• Young man bought poison from the apothecary
  (pharmacist)
• Poured poison into two of the three wine bottles

43
The Pardoners Tale

• When the young man returned, his brothers slew
  him
• They celebrated by drinking the poisoned
  winethey perished
• The Pardoner addresses the pilgrims (verse 299)
• He offers to absolve their sins for a price
• You may fall off your horse and break your
  neckscare tactic

44
The Wife of BathPrologue

• Reread lines 455-486 of Prologue, pg 125,
  Introduction of Wife of Bath
• A worthy woman from Bath city (a well-known
  health resort, mineral springs)
• A seamstress, a Gold digger
• 5 husbands at the church door
• Well-traveled Rome, Jerusalem
• Gap-tooth, large hips, liked to laugh

45
The Wife of BathPrologue

• This tale belongs to the Marriage Group
• Also a Medieval Romance
• The battle of the sexes
• She cautions us about marriage

46
The Wife of BathPrologueVocabulary pg 154

• Abominably, bequeath, concede, contemptuous,
  cosset, crone, dejected
• Ecstasy, implore, maim, prowess, rebuke, statute,
  temporal, tribulation

47
The Wife of Bath Prologue

• setting King Arthurs days
• A magical time of elves and fairies
• Verbal ironylines 39-56 (religion has replaced
  fantasy)
• What was the wife of Baths attitude toward
  Friars? (incubus)

48
The Wife of Bath Tale

• A knight who was a lusty liver
• Took her maidenhead (raped her)
• Punishment was to be loss of head because code of
  chivalry was broken

49
The Wife of Bath

• Queen implored the king for leniency
• Queen gave the knight a chance to live if he
  could answer the question
• What is the thing that women most desire? one
  year and a day

50
The Wife of Bath Tale

• Wealth? Honor? Jollity and pleasure?
• Clothes? Fun in bed? Widowed and remarried?
  Cosseted? Flattery?
• Guyswhat do you think the answer is?
• Ladieswhat do you think the answer is?

51
The Wife of Bath Tale

• ALLUSIONa reference to a historical or fictional
  person, place or event
• King Midas (fictional), Ovid (historical)
• Moral of storywomen cant keep secrets

52
The Wife of Bath Tale

• Knight was dejected because he could not find a
  consensus among the women
• knight saw 24 women dancing
• They transformed into an old woman
• She promises to tell him the secret

53
The Wife of Bath Tale

• Knight swears to do whatever she asks
• They both went to see the Queen
• a woman wants the self-same sovereignty over
  husband as over her lover
• With the Queens watching, the old crone asks the
  knight to marry her

54
The Wife of Bath Tale

• The knight begs her to change her mind
• so foul a misalliance!
• They have a private wedding
• Wedding nightshe asks him if this is the way
  knights behave

55
The Wife of Bath Tale

• The knight is contemptuous
• The code of chivalry demands that knights respect
  their elders
• She explains the meaning of gentility
• Nothing wrong with being poor, even Jesus chose
  to come to the world poor
• You need not fear to be a cuckold

56
The Wife of Bath Tale

• You have two choices line 395
• Old and ugly and loyal? Or
• Young and pretty and unfaithful?
• The knight left the decision to his wife

57
The Wife of Bath Tale

• The wife has won the mastery
• Kiss me, she says
• His ugly wife turned into a beautiful young lady
  that remained forever faithful
• And they lived happily ever after

58
BALLADS (pgs 192-197)

• A narrative poem that was originally intended to
  be sung
• Consists of 4 line stanzas, or quatrain
• 2nd and 4th line rhyme, sometime have a refraina
  repeated phrase
• Passed down orally

59
BALLADS (pgs 192-197)

• Most Medieval people were illiterate
• Stories often changed in the retelling
• Many versions of the same story
• Ballads focused on a single incident

60
BALLADS (pgs 192-197)

• Begin in the middle of the story (in medias res)
• Rhyme and repetition of sounds enabled minstrels
  to recall and recite the ballads
• Alliterationthe repetition of consonant sounds

61
BALLADS (pgs 192-197)

• Popular subjects included tragic love, domestic
  conflict, crime, war, and shipwreck
• DialectScottish
• Rase rose
• Gin if
• Twa two

62
BALLADS

• Rhyming scheme abcb or aabb
• O slowly, slowly rase she up a
• To the place where he was lyin, b
• And when she drew the curtain by c
• Young man, I think youre dyin. b
• ---from Barbara Allan

63
BARBARA ALLAN

• Tells the story of a tragic love
• Theme unfulfilled or unrequited love and
  impending doom
• Modern examples Songs by Garth Brooks, Meat
  Loaf, Brad Paisley
• StoryThe Little Mermaid, Hunchback of Notre Dame

64
BARBARA ALLAN

• To an audience at that time, it would not have
  seemed at all unusual that a nobleman such as Sir
  John Graeme could be healthy one day and then be
  lying near death the next
• Does he die of illness or unrequited love?

65
BARBARA ALLAN

• The tolling of the dead-bell forces Barbara Allan
  to accept the reality of Sir Johns death
• In death, Sir John and Barbara Allan are finally
  happy with each other and able to achieve a peace
  in their relationship that they could not agree
  to in life
• Why werent they able to be together in life?

66
SIR PATRICK SPENS

• Describes the loss at sea of a Scottish ship and
  crew
• Theme man against nature, the dangers faced by
  sailors at sea

67
SIR PATRICK SPENS

• Drunk king asks for a super sailor to sail his
  ship
• Old man replies Sir Patrick Spens
• King writes him a letter, he laughs at first
• Spens agrees, despite the danger (The tear
  blinded his ee.)

68
SIR PATRICK SPENS

• He sails against the advice of his crew (For I
  fear a deadly storm)
• The ship sinks off the coast of Aberdour (50
  fathoms deep)
• The sailors hats float while their ladies wait
  for their return

69
GET UP AND BAR THE DOOR

• Tells the humorous story of a strong-willed
  husband and wife locked in an argument
• Theme Treats marital discord in a humorous
  manner

70
GET UP AND BAR THE DOOR

• Off-rhymes
• -then / pan
• -sure / door
• Chances are that the words in each pair had the
  same vowel sounds in this time
• Changes came in the 16th centurymodern English

71
Get up and Bar the Door

• Man and wife in home
• Wife preparing dinner
• Neither wants to bar the door
• Make a deal the one who speaks first has to get
  up and bar the door
• 2 men walk in and see the silent pair
• They threaten to shave his beard and kiss his
  wife
• He speaks and she wins the deal

http//www.scotsindependent.org/features/scots/doo
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72
BALLADS

• All three of these ballads deal with problems
  encountered in everyday life

73
The English Renaissance pg 276

• 1485-1660 Rebirth
• Began in in 14th century Italy
• Began in England after the War of the Roses,
  Henry VII

74
The English Renaissance

• Medieval period focused on religion and the after
  life
• Renaissance stressed humanity on earth
• Arts, literature, beauty in nature, human
  impulses, a new mastery over the world
• Questioned timeworn truths (flatlanders)
• Challenged authority

75
The English Renaissance

• Renaissance Man
• A many-faceted person who cultivated his innate
  talents to the fullest

76
Thirst for Knowledge

• Great burst of exploration culminates in
  Columbus arrival in New World in 1492
• Compass developed
• Advances in field of astronomy
• Growing sense of nationalism
• Protestant reformation

77
The English Renaissance

• Henry VII son (Arthur) married Catherine of
  Aragon, daughter of King Ferdinand of Spain,
  Englands greatest new World rival
• Arthur died, pope allowed Arthurs younger
  brother (Henry VIII) to marry Catherine
• This would prove to be a problem

78
The English Renaissance

• Henry VIII
• Succeeded his father in 1509
• A true Renaissance prince
• Skilled athlete, poet, musician
• Asked the church for permission to divorce
  Catherine after 18 yrs and only one female
  child--Mary

79
HENRY VIII

• The Pope refused Henrys request for a divorce
• Henry broke with Rome in 1534, declared himself
  head of the Church of England or Anglican Church
• Henry VIII married Anne Boleyn, she produced a
  daughterElizabeth
• Anne was later executed for adultery

80
Queen Mary

• Restored Pope, Catholicism
• Married Philip of Spain
• Executed approx. 300 protestants
• These executions are why shes known as Bloody
  Mary

81
The Elizabethan Era

• The unwanted daughter of Henry VIII and Anne
  Boleyn
• Strong, clever, educated in Greek Latin, patron
  of the arts
• Re-established monarchys position over Anglican
  Church, restored Book of Common Prayer
• Believed in religious tolerance, lowered taxes,
  in favor of public education

82
Queen Elizabeth I

• Never marriedThe Virgin Queen
• She was the inspiration for Spensers The Faerie
  Queene
• Supported Sir Walter Raleigh
• -introduced tobacco and potatoes
• -Tried for treason, imprisoned in Tower of London
• -finally executed in 1618

83
Spanish Armada--1588

• Spain refused to recognize Englands claim to
  Americasent 130 ships
• They claimed English privateers were plundering
  Spanish ships
• 8-day battle aided by a storm England became
  known as a great sea power

84
King James I

• Did NOT believe in religious tolerance
  persecuted Puritans
• 1604King James I appointed scholars to create a
  new translation of the Bible, promoted the use of
  English language (King James Version)

85
The English Renaissance

• Following Queen Eliz I, came King James
• 1605The Gunpowder Plot to blow up ParliamentGuy
  Fawkes Day (Nov 5 celebrate)
• 1606Shakespeare's Macbeth produced

86
The English Renaissance

• 1629 Charles I dismissed Parliament for 11 years
• Thousands migrated to N. America, mostly Puritans
• Long Parliament

87
Evolution of Poetry

• Lyric poetry was favorite
• Sonnet perfected sonnet cycles became very
  popular
• Edmund Spenser wrote The Faerie Queene (epic,
  intricate verse w/ rich imagery)