Rwandan Genocide

1
Rwandan Genocide

• By Olga Lara
• Sandy Sam
• Anna Sahakyan

2
Rwandan Flag
New Flag
.

• The New Flag of Rwanda was effective since
  January of 2002. Unlike the old flag, it lacks
  the colors red and black which represented the
  blood split and the mourning of the Rwandan
  people. This new flag contains more hope and
  optimism and symbolizes the strength of the
  Rwandan people who, after the bloody genocide
  which took more than 800,000 lives, are able to
  be strong and united and see the sun shining with
  its golden rays.

Old flag
3
Politicians President Juvenal Habyarimana

• President Habyarimara, a Hutu, widened the
  divisions among Hutus and Tutsi by attacks and
  propaganda.
• On April 6, 1994, the plane crrying president
  Habyarimana was shot down in Kigali. The very
  next day, after the presidents death, the
  Rwandan Genocide began.

4
Colonel Théoneste Bagosora

• After the presidents death, colonel Bagosora
  took charge of the Presidential Guard and other
  troops and murdered Hutu government officials of
  the political opposition. Also, they began
  systematically slaughtering the Tutsi.

5
Ferdinand Nahimana

• Founder and the director of the hate radio
  Télévision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM).
  Ferdinand used this hate radio in order to spread
  hared, as well as organize the genocide of the
  Tutsi by the Hutu people. He referred to Tutsis
  as cockroaches and, although his hatred of the
  Tutsi was quiet obvious in his speeches, he
  sometimes used phrases that had hidden meanings.
  Such one phrase was cut the tall trees, which
  was a sign for the Hutus to start the slaughter
  of the Tutsi.

6
Jerry Robert Kajuga

• Picture Not Available

• Jerry Robert Kajuga was the President of the
  Interahamwe militia, which was responsible for
  committing the Rwanda Genocide. Ironically, Jerry
  Robert Kajuga, and his family, was Tutsi, but
  they pretended to be Hutu. In order to avoid any
  kind of suspicion about their family being Tutsi,
  Robert Kajuga kept his brother hidden at the
  Hotel des Mille Collines in Kigali.

7
Roméo Alain Dallaire

• Romeo Alain Dallaire, a Canadian General who was
  in Rwanda during the Rwandan genocide as general
  of the UN peacekeeping group, tried to help the
  Tutsi and the Hutu who were being slaughtered,
  but did not receive any help from the UN. Later
  in his life he suffered post traumatic stress
  syndrome. The fact that his alarm was ignored and
  that the United Nations failed to prevent the
  killing of the 800,000 innocent people haunts
  General Dallaire to this day. He was told that he
  was a peacekeeper, not a peacemaker, which was
  the UNs way for justifying their neutrality.

8
Prudence Bushnell

• Prudence Bushnell, United States Associate
  Secretary of State for African Affairs, was
  shocked by the news she was getting from Rwanda.
  At a State Department press conference on April
  8, she spoke about the violence in Rwanda,
  however, at that time Bushnell, and all the
  Americans, did not call it a genocide, only
  violence or a civil war.

9
Newspaper HeadlinesKangura Newspaper

• October, 1993 (n. 51, p. 14)
• The man in the uniform is Paul Kagame, who was
  the leader of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF).
  The man in the left is supposed to be the
  President Juvenal Habyarimana. The sentence on
  the left says, "They say that Kagame would refuse
  to shake the hand of a Hutu." Kagame says, "Let
  it be known that I cannot shake a Hutus hand."
  The sign "Kinihira" signifies a neutral "buffer
  zone" in Rwanda, which was settled between the
  RPF and Habyarimana at the Arusha Peace Accords
  in the summer of 1993.

10
New York Times U.N. in Rwanda Says It Is
Powerless to Halt the Violence

• April 15, 1994, Friday
• By DONATELLA LORCH, (Special to The New York
  Times) Foreign Desk
• http//select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?resF
  40815FB355A0C768DDDAD0894DC494D81

11
New York TimesU.N. Commission Recommends Rwanda
'Genocide' Tribunal

• September 29, 1994, Thursday
• By RAYMOND BONNER, (Special to The New York
  Times) Foreign Desk
• http//select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?resF
  40F10F63A5E0C7A8EDDA00894DC494D81

12
Los Angeles Times

• Bloodshed Continues in Rwanda
• April 16, 1994
• U.N. Airlifts Aid Supplies to Terrorized Rwandans
• April 17, 1994

13
Quotes From Survivors

• When I came out, there were no birds there was
  sunshine and the stench of death.
• I couldnt believe that the international
  communities would sit and watch us being
  slaughtered.
• Both of these persons survived by hiding under
  dead bodies.

14
Qutoes from General Romeo Dallaire

• "The genocide was brutal, criminal and disgusting
  and continued for 100 days under the eyes of the
  international community."

• "I don't think there's any justification for what
  happened, it was a shameful episode for
  collective shame."

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Map of Rwanda
16
Geographic Map of Rwanda
17
Rwandan Food

• Tropical fruits such as avocados, bananas, mangos
  and papaya are abundant in Rwanda.
• Rwandans brew their own alcohol, although men are
  the only ones who drink alcoholic beverages.

• Rwandan food is mainly simple food made of the
  locally grown vegetations such as sweet potatoes,
  beans, corn, peas, millet and fruit. Rwandans are
  famous for adding lots of sugar and milk to their
  tea, and tea is mostly common in urban areas,
  such as Kigali, for breakfast. Rwandans living
  rural areas dont eat meet frequently because
  their cattle is their fortune.

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Languages Spoken

• Kinyarwanda (native language spoken by most
  Rwandans)
• French
• English

Rwandan Writing
19
Reporters and Photjournalsts Covering The Rwandan
Genocide

• Fergal Keane

• Fergal Keane, an Irish reporter and a writer who
  was the BBC special correspondent in Africa in
  the early 1990s, reported on the Genocide in
  Rwanda.

20
Philip Gourevitch

• Philip Gourevitch, and American author and
  journalist, is the author of the book We Wish to
  Inform You That tomorrow We Will Be Killed With
  our Families, which is about the Rwandan
  Genocide. The movie Hotel Rwanda is loosely based
  on this book. Starting from 1995, Gourevitch took
  frequent trips to Rwanda in order to write about
  the Genocides affects and inform the world about
  the atrocities that had taken place.

21
Corinne Dufka
"People talked about the situation being
confusing, anarchy, and Rwanda being a failed
state.

• Photos by Corinne Dufka

A photojournalist and a humanitarian, who for
years has been working in Africa, mostly
covering war zones. In 1994, when the Rwandan
Genocide took place, she was one of the few
photojournalists who went to Rwanda to report on
Rwandan Genocide.
Rwanda was anything but a failed state because
the killing was so well choreographed and highly
organized, wrote Corinne Dufka
22
The Role of the U.N.

• The role of the U.N. in the Rwanda genocide was
  very neutral. Before and during the genocide, the
  United Nations only had 2,500 peacekeeping troops
  in Rwanda. A person named Masozera said, U.N.
  soldiers were here and left when the killings
  were happening, the U.N troops really didnt do
  anything to prevent the genocide from occurring
  or even stop afterwards. They were peacekeeper
  not peacemakers and their lack of action caused
  the death of many innocent Tutsis and Hutus.

23
The Members of the U.N. That Had a Direct
Role/Connection

• Roméo Alain Dallaire

• Kofi Annan

Lieutenant-General, Force commander of
UNAMIR (United Nations Assistance Mission for
Rwanda)
Secretary-General of the United Nations.
24
The International Response

• All the nations collectively failed to do
  anything about the Rwandan Genocide and remained
  silent while innocent Rwandans were being
  slaughtered. The Unites States did not even refer
  to it as a Genocide, but rather as genocidal
  acts or killings. Lack of political agreement,
  motivation, interest and economic profit in
  Rwanda were responsible for the international
  communities failure. As Romeo Dallaire said,
  Rwanda was a mission of a lost priority for the
  international community.

25
Summary

• The   Rwanda genocide was a massacre of an
  estimated 800,000 to 1,071,000 ethnic Tutsi and
  Hutus in Rwanda. The two ethnic groups are very
  similar because they speak the same language,
  inhabit the same areas and follow the same
  traditions. But when Belgians colonist arrived in
  1916, they saw the two groups as distinct
  entitles. The Tutsi were considered more superior
  than the Hutus, they had better jobs and greater
  educational opportunities. Once the Belgians gave
  Rwanda its independence the Hutus seized power
  and started committing acts of crime and violence
  against the Tutsi. The genocide started with the
  death of the Rwanda president Juvenal Habyarimana
  was killed when his plane was shot down above
  Kigali airport on April 6, 1994.

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• Throughout the massacre, both the U.N and the
  U.S had soldiers to establish control within the
  city, seeing the situation kept getting worst
  they decided to abandon Rwanda and remove its
  troops only leaving two-hundred. The Hutu, now
  without opposition from the world community,
  engaged in genocidal mania killing Tutsi families
  with machetes. The Rwandan state radio,
  controlled by Hutu extremists, further encouraged
  the killings by broadcasting non-stop hate
  propaganda and even pinpointed the locations of
  Tutsis in hiding. Hutus who opposed the Hutu
  Power ideology were publicly dneounced as
  accomplices of the Tutsi and were among the
  first ones to be killed. Finally, in July, the
  RPF captured Kigali. The government collapsed and
  the RPF declared a ceasefire. In exactly 100 days
  the genocide was over and a new multi-ethnic
  government was formed promising all refugees from
  Rwanda a safe return.

27
Historical Emblem Symbolizing the Rwandan Genocide

• The golden sun represents the sun found on the
  new Rwandan flag. However, the tips of the rays
  are red, symbolizing the blood shed during the
  Rwandan genocide. Moreover, the center of the sun
  is red as well for the same reason mentioned
  above because the scars of the genocide remain
  deep down in every Rwandans heart. The pin in
  the middle, which has been created in honor of
  Rwandan people and in order to support them,
  bears the colors of hope (blue sky and peaceful
  green). In the middle of the pin the gold zigzag
  pattern signifies the wings of a popular Rwandan
  bird known as agasake.

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Works Cited

• "Country Profile Rwanda." BBC News. 12 Oct.
  2006. 02 Nov. 2006 lthttp//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/afr
  ica/country_profiles/1070265.stmleadersgt.
• "Eating the Rwandan Way." Rwanda - Eating the
  Rwandan Way. 02 Nov. 2006 lthttp//www.cp-pc.ca/eng
  lish/rwanda/eating.htmlgt.
• Gourevitch, Philip. "The Triump of Evil." Front
  Line. 02 Nov. 2006 lthttp//www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/
  frontline/shows/evil/interviews/gourevitch.htmlgt.
• Gourevitch, Phillip. Stories from Rwanda. 1998
  lthttp//www.historyplace.com/pointsofview/rwanda.h
  tmgt
• "Interview Prudence Bushnell." Front Line. 01
  Apr. 2004. 01 Nov. 2006 lthttp//www.pbs.org/wgbh//
  pages/frontline////shows/ghosts/interviews/bushnel
  l.htmlgt.
• "Leave None to Tell the Story Rwanda Genocide."
  Human Rights Watch. Mar. 1999. 03 Nov. 2006
  lthttp//129.194.252.80/catfiles/1317.pdfgt.
• "West 'Guilty' Over Rwanda Genocide." CNN. 06
  Apr. 2004. 03 Nov. 2006 lthttp//www.cnn.com/2004/W
  ORLD/africa/04/06/rwanda.dallaire/index.htmlgt.