Japan

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Japan
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Political Culture

• Homogeneity
• Uniqueness
• Isolation
• Borrowing
• Geography
• Communitarian
• Adaptability/Organizational skills
• Emperor
• Power is behind the scenes

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1. Homogeneity

• 98 Japanese
• Korean and Chinese minority
• Status of Burakumin

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• 2. Uniqueness
• 3. Isolation
• 1638-1853

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4. Borrowing

• Japanese spin
• Tradition on foreign ideas
• Japanification
• foreign
• ideas

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5. Geography

• From Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure
  and Transport, http//tochi.mlit.go.jp/h19hakusho/
  set_0_eng.htm

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6. Communitarian

• Individualistic?
• The squeaky wheel gets the grease.
• Communitarian?
• The nail that sticks up gets hammered down.
• The role of geography and economics

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7. Adaptability and Organizational Skills

• Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry data from
  http//www.tepco.co.jp/en/challenge/energy/nuclear
  /p-necess-e.html

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8. Emperor

• First Emperor,
• Jimmu Tenno
• (660-585 BC),
• Great, Great, Great,
• Grandson
• of Amaterasu,
• the Sun Goddess,
• National Foundation
• Day Feb 11

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9. Power behind the Scenes

• Tanaka Kakuei
• LDP, 1960s-1980s

• Ozawa Ichiro
• DPJ, 1990s-present

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Periods of History

• 10th-17th Feudal Japan
• 1600-1868 Tokugawa Era
• 1868 Meiji Restoration
• 1920s-1940s
• Institutionalists vs. Nationalists

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• 1. Feudal Japan
• From Government of Saskatchewan, 7th Grade
  Curriculum,
• http//www.sasked.gov.sk.ca/docs/midlsoc/gr7/74han
  douts1.html

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Samurai Class

• Nitobe Inazo, Bushido The Soul of Japan, 1908

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Centralization Grows Shogun

• Oda Nobunaga 1568-1582
• Hideyoshi Toyotomi 1582-1598
• Unified Japan 1590
• 1598 Tokugawa shogunate vs. Mitsunari shogunate

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Battle of Sekigahara, 1600
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Sekigahara Action Figure
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2. Tokugawa Era 1600-1868
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Tokugawa Era

• Isolation
• Centralized Feudalism
• Emperor?

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Samurai of 1860s
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3. Meiji Restoration

• End of isolation
• Restoration and revolution
• Birth of Modern Japan

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1853 US Navy in Tokyo Bay

• Treaty of Kanagawa, March 31, 1854

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Meiji Restoration Domains
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Overthrowing Tokugawa
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Meiji RestorationEmperor Mutsuhito

• 1852-1912
• Meiji Era 1867-1912
• (enlightened rule)

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The Restoration

• 1889 Constitution
• Article 1. The Empire of Japan shall be reigned
  over and governed by a line of Emperors unbroken
  for ages eternal.
• Article 3. The Emperor is sacred and inviolable.
• Article 4. The Emperor is the head of the Empire,
  combining in Himself the rights of sovereignty...
  
• Article 11. The Emperor has the supreme command
  of the Army and Navy.

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Power and Expansion

• Sino-Japanese War 1894-5
• Treaty Of Shimonoseki

• Russo-Japanese War 1904-5
• Treaty of Portsmouth

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4. Nationalism and War

• Ultranationalists vs. Institutionalists
• Washington Naval Treaty 1922
• London Naval Treaty 1930
• 1931 Manchuria (Manchukuo)

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Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
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December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor
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May 1945 Tokyo Firebombing
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Tokyo after the Attacks
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Hiroshima August 6, 1945
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After the bomb
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Nagasaki August 9, 1945
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Post-War Japanese Government

• Surrender, Occupation and Punishment
• US-Japan Security Treaty, 1951 (1952)
• Japanese Foreign Minister
• Shigemitsu Mamoru
• Signing the surrender
• Agreement, 9/2/45