Lung Cancer

1
Lung Cancer
2
Lung Cancer Incidence

• 1950s Male/Female ratio 61, this is now 75.
  (decreasing male smoking rates, increasing female
  smoking rates).
• Approximately 23,000 men and 15,000 women
  diagnosed with disease per year
• 2nd most common cancer in men (after prostate)
  3rd in women (after breast and bowel)
• UK Between 1995 and 2004 ,male lung cancer
  prevalence decreased by 23.
• Same 10 year period so almost no change in female
  rates.
• Males and Females combined a reduction of
  incidence rates of 16
• 13 of all new cases of cancer are lung cancers

3

• UK 5 year survival (diagnosis during 1999
  2003) was 6.5 in men and 7.6 in women.
• This is NOT significantly better than for
  patients diagnosed a decade or so earlier.

4
Causes of Lung Cancer

• SMOKING! Over 80 (Association for international
  Cancer Research) or 9 out of 10 (Cancer Research
  UK) are caused by smoking (passive included)
• Exposure to industrial carcinogens and air
  pollution, scarring from previous lung disease,
  family history and past cancer treatment.
• Length of time smoking as soon as you stop your
  risk goes down
• Second hand smoke double your risk

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Symptoms

• Difficulty breathing
• Coughing up blood
• Chest pain
• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss
• Fatigue
• Having a cough most of the time
• A change in a cough you have had for a long time
• Short of breath
• Ache or pain when breathing or coughing

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Types of lung cancer

• Small Cell Lung Cancers (SCLC)
• Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers (NSCLC) Squamous
  cell carcinoma, - adenocarcinoma and large cell
  carcinoma

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Ethnicity

• UK South Asians have a lower incidence of lung
  cancer than non-South Asians but increasing
  incidence has been reported amongst South Asian
  men (in contrast to the rest of UK male
  population where incidence is declining)
• South Asian Women also have increasing lung
  cancer trends but this is in line with the rest
  of UK female population.
• USA lung cancer rates in black population are
  higher for both males and females compared with
  white population.

8
Socio-Economic Status

• Incidence and Mortality rates strongly
  associated with deprivation.
• 1993 England and Wales Incidence 2.5 times
  higher in most deprived males compared to least
  deprived males women difference was greater
  than 3 times.
• 2004 gap between most deprived and most affluent
  50 (down from 200 in 1981).
• Lung cancer incidence has increased in more
  affluent women than deprived women between 1981
  and 2004

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Age

• Risk increases with age.
• UK 8 out of 10 cases occur in people aged 60

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Regional Differences

• UK clear north/south divide.
• High lung cancer rates in Scotland and Northern
  England.
• Scottish men and women have among highest rates
  in world reflecting the countrys history of high
  smoking prevalence
• Incidence rates in Scotland particularly high in
  densely populated belt from Glasgow in the west
  to Edinburgh in the east.
• Higher rates in urban areas.

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Around the World

• Highest rates of lung cancer in women N.
  America and Northern Europe
• Highest rate of lung cancer in men Europe,
  especially central and eastern Europe and N.
  America.
• In Europe highest male rates are Hungary and
  Poland Lowest in Sweden and Malta.
• Lowest incidence rates in men and women are found
  in African and Asian countries.

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Data Sources

• Easily accessible
• Regularly Updates
• Lots of info. On UK and World
• Easy to use without knowing fully how
  accurate/representative they are
• Differences in recording systems (especially
  important when comparing countries), may define
  key terms or key criteria differently affecting
  the results.
• Do we really know how data is collected and what
  its original purpose was?

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Data Sources

• http//www.aicr.org.uk/lungcancerfaqs.stm?sourceA
  dwords
• http//www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id165
  7
• http//www.cancerhelp.org.uk/help/default.asp?page
  2962
• http//info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/types
  /lung/incidence/,
• http//info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/types
  /lung/