ASTRONOMY

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ASTRONOMY

• Ch.1 Exploring Space

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Radiation from Space

• Electromagnetic waves
• Light from a star can take up to MILLIONS of
  years to get to Earth
• Light energy is a type of radiation
• Energy transmitted from place to place by
  electromagnetic waves
• Can be electrical and magnetic
• Can go through empty space and matter

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Electromagnetic Radiation

• Arranged in the electromagnetic spectrum
• Each wave has a different frequency
• Number of times a wavelength passes a certain
  point in a period of time
• Shorter wavelengths have a higher frequency

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Speed of Light

• Different wavelengths, but all have the same
  speed
• 300,000 km/s (50,000 m/s)
• Use electromagnetic radiation from space to learn
  about the source
• TELESCOPES

the speed of light 299 792 458 m / s
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Using Optical Telescopes

• Use of light to produce magnified images of
  objects
• Collect light with an objective lens or mirror,
  bend or reflect it to form a point, use eyepiece
  to magnify

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Refracting Telescope

• Uses curved lenses to collect light

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Reflecting Telescope

• Uses a mirror to collect light

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Hubble Space Telescope

• Launched into space in 1990
• Outside of atmosphere, so energy is not distorted

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Infant Stars in Milky Way
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Barred Spiral Galaxy
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Warped Galaxy
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Mars
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Saturn Aurora
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Uranus
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Helix Nebula
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Supergiant Star
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Black Hole
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Large Reflecting Telescopes

• In observatories around the world
• Can be built of many small mirrors

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Optics

• Active Optics
• Computer corrects for temperature, weather,
  mirror distortions
• Adaptive Optics
• Laser probes atmosphere
• Information to computer about air turbulance
• Corrects 1000s times per second
• Adjusts telescope
• Clearer images

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Radio Telescopes

• Studies radio waves traveling in the universe
• Waves given off by stars and other objects
• Useful 24 hours/day in most weather

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Section 2- Early Space Missions

• Rockets
• Engines that have all they need for burning fuel
• Classified by types of fuel they use
• Liquid propellant
• Solid propellant

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Liquid Solid
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Satellites

• ANY object that revolves around another object
• An object in space will move in a straight line
  unless affected by gravity (Newton)
• Used for communications/ weather

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Orbit- the curved path a satellite follows around
another object
The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, TRMM
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1st satellite was RussianSputnik 1Only orbited
for 57 days
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Pioneer 10

• 1972
• 1st to get to an outer planet- Jupiter
• Over 11 billion km (6,875,000,000 miles) from
  Earth

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Space Probes

• An instrument that gathers information and sends
  it back to Earth
• Can travel very far into the solar system or even
  out (p.19 in book)

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Galileo

• 1989
• Reached Jupiter in 1995

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Moon Quest

• 1961- Soviet Yuri Gagarin was the first human in
  space
• Orbited Earth
• JFK called for U.S. to send humans to moon and
  back

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Americans in Space

• Alan B. Shephard
• 1st U.S. citizen in space
• May 5, 1961

• John Glenn
• 1st U.S. citizen to orbit the Earth

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Project Apollo

• July 20 1965 landed on moon
• Neil Armstrong was first man on the moon
• Thats on small step for man,
• One giant leap for mankind.
• Edwin Aldrin was with him and they explored to
  moons surface for 2 hours
• Whats his nickname?

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Neil Armstrong Buzz Aldrin Landed in the moon's
Sea of Tranquility July 20, 1969
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Section 3- Current and Future Space Missions

• The Space Shuttle
• Reusable spacecraft that transports astronauts,
  satellites, and other materials to and from space
• Orbits the Earth while astronauts conduct
  experiments and work with satellites in cargo bay
  area

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Space Stations

• Have living and work areas, exercise area, and
  equipment to support humans in space
• 1978- U.S. Skylab
• Up to 84 days there
• 1979 fell out of orbit and burnt up as hit
  Earths atmosphere

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Skylab
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Now MIR
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Lab Area
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Command Base
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Basic Work Area
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Sleeping Arrangements
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MIR Tour
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Cooperation in Space

• International Space Station ISS
• Permanent lab to study long term research
• Hopeful completion by 2006
• 16 countries including U.S., Russia, Japan
  involved
• Eventually to be used as place to make ships to
  travel to Moon and Mars

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New Millennium Project

• To develop advanced technology to allow NASA to
  send smart spacecraft into solar system

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Next Generation Space Telescope James Webb
Space Telescope

• Meant to replace the Hubble Telescope
• Hopeful launch in 2009 (changed now to 2011)
  (changed again to 2013)

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Everyday Space Technology

• Space suits for kids who cant go in sun XP
• Pacemakers
• Ribbed swimsuits to reduce water resistance
• For emergency vehicles to make lights turn to red