46-320-01 Tests and Measurements

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46-320-01Tests and Measurements

• Intersession 2006

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Projective Tests

• Projective hypothesis (Frank, 1939)
• Accuracy of perception
• Conclusions
• Influencing factors

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Rorschach Inkblot Test

• Pre-Rorschach
• Rorschach
• Identifying psychological disorders
• 5 main proponents
• Beck
• Hertz
• Klopfer
• Piotrowski
• Rappaport
• Exner

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Rorschach

• 10 Inkblots
• 5 black and gray
• 2 black, gray, and red
• 3 pastel colors
• Administration
• Individual test
• Instructions
• Free Association Phase
• Inquiry Phase

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Rorschach-like Example
Taken from http//www.tu-cottbus.de/BTU/Fak2/Theo
Arch/Lehrstuhl/deu/lehre/WS0203/Soziologie/psychol
ogie.htm
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Rorschach-like Card
http//web.tickle.com/tests/inkblot/index.jsp
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Rorschach Blot
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Rorschach Scoring

• Location
• Whole (W)
• Common Detail (D)
• Unusual detail (Dd)
• Determinant
• Form (F)
• Movement (M, FM, m)
• Color (C)
• Shading (T)

• Form Quality
• F or
• F
• F- or
• Content
• Human (H)
• Animal (A)
• Nature (N)
• Popular-original

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Scoring the Rorschach

• Exner Structural summary
• Allows for norms
• Inferences are hypotheses
• Qualitative interpretation
• Content
• Sequence of responses

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Psychometrics

• The psychometric debate
• Using scientific methods
• Method of administration
• Scoring not standardized
• Influence of demographics/examiner training not
  considered
• Reliability varied and inconsistent
• Meta-analysis and KR20
• Validity

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Holtzman Inkblot Test

• Alternative to Rorschach
• 1 response per 45 cards
• Standardized administration and scoring
• Scoring on 22 dimensions
• Alternate form
• Norms
• Psychometrics

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Holtzman Inkblot Test
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Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

• Morgan and Murray (1935)
• Based on Murrays theory of Needs
• E.g., Abasement (To surrender and accept
  punishment) Acquisition (To obtain possessions)
  Deference (To follow a superior, to serve)
  Nurturance (To protect the helpless) Similance
  (To empathize)
• 30 Pictures depicting a variety of scenes, plus
  blank card

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TAT

• Certain cards elicit certain information
• Card 4 male-female relationships
• 12F emotions about the self
• Poor standardization of administration
• Story
• Before, now, thinking/feeling, outcome
• Verbatim responses, reaction time

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TAT

• Scoring
• Hero
• Needs
• Press
• Themes
• Outcomes
• Differences expected to reflect differences in
  people (note other factors)

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Psychometrics

• Inconsistent and unclear findings
• High reliability figures for certain needs
• Poor split-half and test-retest reliability
• Content-related validity ok
• Criterion-related validity poor

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Alternative Apperception Tests

• Southern Mississippi TAT
• Family of Man photos
• Childrens Apperception Test (CAT)
• Age 3 to 10
• Animal figures

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Nonpictoral Projectives

• Word Association Test
• Hat, lamp, love, father, paper, masturbation,
  chair, breast, car, penis, suicide
• Kent and Rosanoff
• 100 words, standardization sample
• Rappaport, Gill, and Chafer (1966)
• 60 items
• Normed

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Sentence Completion Tasks

• Complete a stem
• May reveal more than in an interview
• Recurring themes of conflict or pathological
  thought
• Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
• 40 stems, 7-point scoring

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Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank

• 1) If only I could... 2) People I know... 3) I
  can always... 4) I think guys... 5) What makes
  me sad is...6) I think girls...

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Figure Drawing Tests

• Draw-A-Person
• Draw and tell a story
• House-Tree-Person Test
• Story
• Kinetic Family Drawing
• Scoring
• Absolute size, relative size, omissions,
  disproportions
• Post-drawing inquiry

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Draw a Person

• 15 year old girl with concern about facial acne

http//www.usm.maine.edu/psy/gayton/333/4_03b.html