L 9

1
L 9

• TRANSPORT SAFETY, SOURCE SECURITY DEALING WITH
  WASTE

2
Answer True or False

• Source accounting records will contain
  source-specific information (radionuclide
  identity and activity), and will include all
  information regarding movement of the material,
  from production to disposal
• The manner in which radioactive waste is stored
  and disposed of will take account of the
  condition of the source and its origin (e.g.,
  clinical waste, cyclotron waste, etc.), and will
  be performed in accordance with national
  regulations

3
Objective

• To consider aspects of a PET/CT facility
  transport of the radionuclide, accounting,
  security of sources and waste management at the
  facility

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Content

• Transport
• Accounting
• Source security
• Waste
• Cyclotron
• PET/CT unit

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9.1 Transport
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Transport Case
Container
7
For return to supplier
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Transport Index (TI)
1.0 m
TI max dose-rate at 1.0m (?Sv/h)

10
9
White-I Label

• lt 5.0 ?Sv/h at surface
• lt 0.05 ?Sv/h at 1.0 m
• TI 0

10
Yellow-II Label

• lt 500 ?Sv/h, gt 5 ?Sv/h at surface
• lt 10 ?Sv/h at 1.0 m
• 0 lt TI lt 1.0

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Yellow-III Label

• gt 500 ?Sv/h,lt 2000?Sv/h at surface
• gt 10?Sv/h, lt 100?Sv/h at 1.0m
• 1.0 lt TI lt 10

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Vehicle Placards
3 placards on vehicle
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Consignors Responsibilities

• All labelling and placarding
• Provision of transport documents
• Provision of local rules and any other relevant
  information
• Driver training

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9.2 Accounting
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Accountability of Sources

• Receipt, storage, use and all movements of a
  source must be recorded

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Accountability of Sources

• Source accountancy records should contain
• radionuclide and activity of sources,
• location and description of sources,
• disposal details
• The records should be updated regularly, and
  the location of the sources checked

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Ordering and Receipt

• Protocols should specify
• Persons authorized to order radionuclides
• Routines for delivering radioactive material to
  the department
• Routines for checking and unpacking of shipment
• Routines in case of damaged package
• Routines for check of radionuclide and activity
• Which records must be kept

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Typical Quantities

• For 10 patients
• 50GBq for single daily delivery
• 10GBq for 2 deliveries per day

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9.3 Source security
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Security of Sources (BSS)

• 2.34 Sources shall be kept secure so as to
  prevent theft or damage and to prevent any
  unauthorized legal person from carrying out any
  of the actions specified in the General
  Obligations for practices of the Standards (see
  paras 2.7-2.9)

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Security of Sources
The security of sources shall be taken into
account in the different steps of the lifetime of
a source in a facility
Receipt
Storage before use
Transport (in house)
Storage of waste
Use
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Storage of Radionuclides
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Source Storage

• Source stores must
• provide protection against environmental
  conditions
• be only for radioactive materials
• provide sufficient shielding
• be resistant to fire
• be secure
• have a radiation warning sign

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Sealed Sources

• Inventory of sealed sources
• Disposal should be considered when replacement
  purchased and financial/practical provision
  arranged
• Authorization to store sources
• Leak test
• Security of sources

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9.4 Waste
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Radioactive Waste (BSS)

• III.8. Registrants and licensees shall
• (a) ensure that the activity and volume of any
  radioactive waste that results from the sources
  for which they are responsible be kept to the
  minimum practicable, and that the waste be
  managed, i.e. collected, handled, treated,
  conditioned, transported, stored and disposed of,
  in accordance with the requirements of the
  Standards and any other applicable standard 26
  and

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Radioactive Waste (BSS)

• III.8. Registrants and licensees shall
• (b) segregate, and treat separately if
  appropriate, different types of radioactive waste
  where warranted by differences in factors such as
  radionuclide content, half-life, concentration,
  volume and physical and chemical properties,
  taking into account the available options for
  waste disposal.

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Radioactive Waste

• Radioactive waste should be handled, stored and
  disposed of according to local procedures that
  are based on national regulations

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Practical Means of Dealing with Radioactive
Waste

• Report on accumulation and disposal of
  radioactive substances
• Review of practices to ensure minimum volume and
  activity of waste produced and released into
  environment
• Aqueous waste from patients drain likely to be
  best option
• Aqueous waste from unused stock decay to
  inactive likely to be best option
• Solid waste decay storage again likely to be
  best option

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Waste from Cyclotron
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Solid Waste - PET/CT Unit

• Cover papers, gloves, empty vials and syringes
• Separate bins for active and inactive waste
• Store for 24 hours in shielded area before
  disposal as inactive waste
• Waste should be labelled with date and
  radionuclide
• Contaminated linen must be stored for 24 hours
  before removal to laundry
• Maintain records

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Liquid Waste - PET/CT Unit

• Patient excreta
• Separate patient toilet
• Calculate on monthly basis to ensure
  authorization not exceeded
• 30 of injected activity to drain (UK)

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SUMMARY OF TRANSPORT SAFETY, SOURCE SECURITY
DEALING WITH WASTE

• Transportation is performed according to the
  categorized level of the source
• All sources must be accounted for, and their
  receipt, storage, security and movements all must
  be documented
• Radioactive waste must be handled, stored and
  disposed of depending on the type of source
  (liquid, solid, aseptic, patient discharge,
  cyclotron waste) in compliance with local
  procedures based on national regulations