Forms of Literature Language Arts Standards: 7E1b.

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Forms of Literature

• Language Arts Standards
• 7E1b.1 Structural Features of Informational Text
• 7E1c.1 Discuss the purposes and characteristics
  of
• different forms of literary text

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Prose

• The ordinary form of written language.
• Most writing that is not poetry, drama, or song
  is considered prose.
• Prose is one of the major genres of literature
  and occurs in two forms, fiction and nonfiction.

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Childrens Literature

• A form of literature for readers and listeners up
  to about age twelve and is often illustrated.
• Childrens literature can include books that are
  written by children, books written specifically
  for children, or books that are chosen by/for
  children.
• Two common forms of childrens literature are
  picture books and chapter books.

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Picture Books

• A book in which the colorful illustrations are
  as important as the text, both contributing to
  the telling of the story.
• Often use rhyme, repetition, and other poetic
  elements to increase engagement of young
  children.
• Picture books are often among the first books
  introduced to children and are usually intended
  to be read to them.

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Chapter Books

• A book long enough to be divided into chapters,
  but not long or complex enough to be considered a
  novel.
• Chapter books intended for the youngest children
  often contain some illustrations.

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Young Adult Literature

• Books selected for reading by young adults, ages
  13 to 18, whether published specifically for them
  or for the general public.
• The vast majority of the stories published
  specifically for young adults, portray an
  adolescent as the protagonist, rather than an
  adult or a child.
• The subject matter and story lines are typically
  consistent with the age and experience of the
  main character.
• Themes in these stories often focus on the
  challenges of youth.
• Despite its unique characteristics, this type of
  literature shares the fundamental elements of
  fiction with other stories character, plot,
  setting, theme, and style.

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Young Adult LiteratureComing-of-Age Story

• A type of novel where the protagonist is
  initiated into adulthood through knowledge,
  experience, or both, often by a process of
  disillusionment.
• Some of the shifts that take place are these
• ignorance to knowledge
• innocence to experience
• false view of world to correct view
• idealism to realism
• immature responses to mature responses

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Short Story

• A short story is a brief work of fiction.
• Although concise, is does contain all the
  literary story elements.
• Like a novel, a short story presents a sequence
  of events, or plot. The plot usually deals with a
  central conflict faced by a main character, or
  protagonist.
• The events in a short story usually communicate a
  message about life or human nature. The message,
  or central idea, is the storys theme.

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Novella

• A work of fiction intermediate in length and
  complexity between a short story and a novel.

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Novel

• A novel is a long work of fiction.
• Novels contain all the elements of short stories,
  including characters, plot, conflict, and
  setting.
• However, novels are much longer than short
  stories. The writer of novels, or novelists, can
  develop these elements more fully than a writer
  of short stories can. In addition to its main
  plot, a novel may contain one or more subplots,
  or independent, related stories. A novel may also
  have several themes.

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Poetry

• A form of literary art in which language is used
  for its aesthetic qualities, and not usually for
  its apparent meaning.
• Poems are often divided into lines and stanzas
  that employ regular rhythmical patterns, or
  meters.
• However, some poems are written out like prose or
  free verse.
• Most poems use highly concise musical and
  emotionally charged language.
• Many poems use imagery, figurative language, and
  special devices such as rhyme.

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Drama

• A drama is a story written to be performed by
  actors.
• Although a drama is meant to be performed, one
  can also read the script, or written version, and
  imagine the action. The script of a drama is made
  up of dialogue and stage directions. Both the
  dialogue and stage directions aid comprehension
  when reading a drama.
• Dialogue- the words meant to be spoken by the
  actors
• Stage directions- usually printed in italics,
  describe the setting and effects of sound and
  lighting and tell how the actors should look,
  move, and speak
• Dramas are often divided into parts called acts.
  The acts are often divided into smaller parts
  called scenes.

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Comic Book

• A periodic publication containing pictures and
  stories and articles of interest to those who
  purchase it or subscribe to it
• cartoon strips, comic strips, and/or funnies- a
  sequence of drawings telling a story in a
  newspaper or comic book

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Graphic Novel

• A graphic novel is a narrative work in which the
  story is conveyed to the reader using sequential
  artwork.
• Unlike comic books, graphic novels usually cover
  a story from start to finish, rather than the
  traditional cliffhanger ending.

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Nonfiction Literature

• Biography, Autobiography, and Memoir
• Informational Books
• Technical Manuals
• Reference Sources
• Encyclopedias
• Dictionaries
• Thesaurus
• Articles, Essays, and Critiques

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Essay

• An essay is a short nonfiction work about a
  particular subject. Most essays have a single
  major focus and a clear introduction, body, and
  conclusion. There are many types of essays, but
  most can be placed into one of four main
  categories.
• Expository- relates information or provides
  explanations
• Narrative- a story about a real-life experience
• Persuasive- presents and supports an opinion
• Descriptive (Most essays contain elements of
  description, but few are purely descriptive
  essays.)

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Critique Critical Analysis/ Literary Analysis

• 1. (verb) the study of a literary work by a
  critic, student, or scholar.
• 2. (noun) a report about the elements of a
  literary work which is based on a careful,
  detailed reading and analysis of that work

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Articles

• A stand-alone section of a larger written work.
• These nonfictional prose compositions appear in
  magazines, newspapers, academic journals, the
  Internet or any other type of publication.
• Articles can be divided into two main categories
  news and features.
• News Article- discusses current or recent news of
  either general interest or on a specific topic
• Feature- nonfiction articles that intend to
  inform, teach or amuse the reader on a topic. The
  topic centers around human interests. Feature
  stories may include conventions found in fiction
  such as dialogue, plot and character. A feature
  article is an umbrella term that includes many
  literary structures personality sketches,
  essays, how-to's, interviews and many others.

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Resources

• http//www.nde.state.ne.us/read/framework/glossary
  /general_a-e.html
• http//en.wikipedia.org
• http//www.thefreedictionary.com
• http//www.virtualsalt.com/litterms.htm
• Prentice Hall Literature Bronze