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Biodiversity Notes

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Biodiversity Notes Short for Biological Diversity What does this mean? Biological = Living organisms (plants and animals) Diversity = variety Species diversity number ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Biodiversity Notes


1
Biodiversity Notes
  • Short for Biological Diversity
  • What does this mean?

Biological Living organisms (plants and
animals) Diversity variety
2
Species diversity
  • number of species in a given area.
  • An island with 2 bird species and 1 lizard
    species is more diverse than an island with 3
    bird species.
  • Its numbers of species as well as categories of
    organisms.

http//www.ipgri.cgiar.org/themes/human/images/Veg
etation_Cuba.jpg
http//www.al.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/photo/for/mn
gt/pine_plantation2.jpg
Higher Species Diversity
Lower Species Diversity
3
Genetic diversity
http//www.sagarprabhu.com/gif/rice5.gif
  • Variations of genes within a species.
  • Lots of distinct populations within a species
    (lots of varieties of rice in India--all from
    same species)
  • Genetic Variation within the population as a
    whole (high in Indian rhinos, low in cheetahs)

A few of the hundreds of rice varieties found in
India.
Some genetic diversity in potatoes
http//www.potatoperspective.org/about_files/DSCN7
746.jpg
4
Ecosystem diversity
  • Variety of ecosystems within an area.
  • Wisconsin has about 9 different ecosystems, other
    states only have about 3, some gt14, etc.
  • Very hard to measure due to overlapping boundary
    areas also called ecotones.

http//cropandsoil.oregonstate.edu/HJA_mo/images/L
ookout_meadow_vs_forest.jpg
Coniferous Forest meeting a meadow
http//www.naturalhomemagazine.com/backissues/02-0
1/living_color/beach.jpg
Ocean meeting a beach
5
Importance of Biodiversity
  • Maintains soil quality healthy bacteria, algae,
    fungi, mites, millipedes and worms help cycle
    nutrients
  • Maintains air quality plants purify the air and
    filter harmful particles out of the air
  • Maintains water quality variety of vegetation
    reduces erosion and purifies water by removing
    (using or absorbing) nutrients and pollution

http//www.srl.caltech.edu/personnel/krubal/rainfo
rest/Edit560s6/www/images/plants/fngcone1.jpg
http//www.tropicalisland.de/KCH20Sarawak20-20B
ako20National20Park20-20Tropical20rainforest2
201_b.jpg
http//www.pondsaway.com/images/wetlands1.jpg
6
Importance Continued
Intercropping cocoa plants with coconut trees.
  • Pest control most crop pests can be controlled
    by other organisms for a longer period of time
    helpful because many pests become resistant to
    synthetic pesticides
  • Pollination and crop production More than 1/3
    of worlds crops rely on healthy pollinators
  • (Potential) Medicines many current and possible
    future medications found in areas with high
    biodiversity

http//images.jupiterimages.com/common/detail/75/8
1/22568175.jpg
http//www.bugwise.net.au/images/250/pollination_0
02.jpg
7
5 Threats of Biodiversity
  • Habitat destruction/fragmentation
  • Invasive species
  • Population growth
  • Pollution
  • Overconsumption

8
Habitat Destruction
  • Changing a habitat to suit human needsfor
    housing, farming, etc.
  • This displaces animals/plants. As the human
    population grows, so does habitat destruction!

9
Fragmentation
  • Breaking up large habitats into smaller habitats.
  • Creates an edge habitat where inner habitat
    used to be. Some plants and animals cannot adapt
    to these changes.

http//www.nature.org/wherewework/northamerica/sta
tes/illinois/images/ozark_frag.jpg
10
Invasive Species
  • Any organism that has been relocated somewhere
    other than its original habitat.

Oftentimes, invasive species out-compete native
species resulting in disruption of the ecosystem
and food chain. Many native organisms are
becoming endangered by this!
Synonyms include Introduced species, non-native
species, exotic species and alien species
Zebra Mussel
Asian Beetle
11
Population growth of Humans
  • Increasing population means greater demand for
    food, shelter, fuel and water.
  • This often leads to habitat loss, pollution,
    resource scarcity and overconsumption (in areas
    with enough money)
  • Humans are coming into greater (more frequent)
    contact with previously wild areas with high
    biodiversity

http//www1.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve
/2222903/2/istockphoto_2222903_crowded_city.jpg
http//www.chbr.noaa.gov/categories/stressors/imag
es/pollution_sm.jpg
12
Population expected to reach 8 billion by 2020
13
Pollution
  • Pollution can alter the habitat to the point
    where some plants and animals will not be able to
    adapt.
  • Global Climate Change--many species are
    intolerant to changes in temperature--affects
    feeding relationships and breeding patterns.
  • Acid rain/Air pollution-these types of issues do
    not respect borders. US acid rain fell in Canada
    destroying sugar maple forests which upset the
    amount/quality of maple syrup produced.

14
Overconsumption
  • Individuals consuming way more resources than
    needed to survive sometimes more than is needed
    for a high standard of life
  • Industrialized nations make up 25 of the worlds
    population, but use 75 of its resources.
  • US makes up only 5 of worlds pop--causes 33 of
    worlds pollution!

15
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