KNR 482 Advanced Biomechanics

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KNR 482 Advanced Biomechanics

• Dr. Steve McCaw
• Horton 227 B
• www.castonline.ilstu.edu/mccaw

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Objectives

• Develop an awareness of selected literature
• understand, interpret and evaluate selected
  research as it applies to specific problems.
• Develop a knowledge and understanding of selected
  mechanical principles
• application to the analysis of both internal and
  external aspects of human movement.
• Develop familiarity with instrumentation and
  research techniques
• understand the limitations associated with the
  methodologies.
• Understand role of biomechanics in sport sciences

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Who are you?

• Why are you here?
• Required? Self-selected?
• Level of interest in biomechanics?
• What skills do you have coming into the class?
• What fears do you have coming into the class?
• What do you want from this class?

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Week One Readings A Philosophic Overview
Norman, R. W. K. How to use biomechanical
knowledge. In How to be an effective coach,
Vol., Taylor, J. W. (Ed.). Toronto Manufacturers
Life Insurance Company the Coaching Association
of Canada, 1975, pp. 92-111.   Stothart, P. What
Biomechanics Has to Offer the Coach. Coaching
Science Update 29-31, 1980-81.   Hart, D. L.,
W. R. Poston, and J. F. Perry. Critically Reading
a Research Article. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther.
272-76, 1980.   Watson, J. (1980) How to Read
a Scientific Article.   Hoffman, S. J. The
contribution of biomechanics to clinical
competence A view from the gymnasium. In
Proceedings 2nd National Symposium on Teaching
Kinesiology and Biomechanics in Sports, Vol.,
Shapiro, R. and J. R. Marett (Eds.). Reston, VA
NASPE, 1984, pp. 67-70.   Osternig, L. R.
Research in athletic training the missing
ingredient. Athletic Training 23223-225,
1988.   Brand, R. A. Can biomechanics contribute
to clinical orthopaedic assessments? Iowa Ortho.
J. 961-64, 1988.   Winter, D. A. (1989)
Integrated Biomechanics.   Knutzen, K. M. and L.
Martin. Using biomechanics to explore children's
movement. Pediatr. Exerc. Sci. 14222-247, 2002.
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Serve as a Movement Analyst
Winter, D. A. (1989) Integrated
Biomechanics. Norman, R. W. K. How to use
biomechanical knowledge. In How to be an
effective coach, Vol., Taylor, J. W. (Ed.).
Toronto Manufacturers Life Insurance Company
the Coaching Association of Canada, 1975, pp.
92-111.   Stothart, P. What Biomechanics Has to
Offer the Coach. Coaching Science Update 29-31,
1980-81.     Hoffman, S. J. The contribution of
biomechanics to clinical competence A view from
the gymnasium. In Proceedings 2nd National
Symposium on Teaching Kinesiology and
Biomechanics in Sports, Vol., Shapiro, R. and J.
R. Marett (Eds.). Reston, VA NASPE, 1984, pp.
67-70.  
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Biomechanics Exercise Science
Winter, 1989
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Pete Stothart Biomechanics Coaching
Skill Analysis
Coaching Science Update, 1980-81
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Shirl Hoffman
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Shirl Hoffman
Bob Norman
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Bob NormanTen Principles of Biomechanics
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Biomechanics of skill acquisition Most famous
Robertons Stages of Throwing
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Use angular velocity to compare technique
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Use angular velocity to compare technique
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Use angular velocity to compare technique
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What is the foundation for various fields?
  Osternig, L. R. Research in athletic training
the missing ingredient. Athletic Training
23223-225, 1988.   Brand, R. A. Can
biomechanics contribute to clinical orthopaedic
assessments? Iowa Ortho. J. 961-64, 1988.  
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Lou Osternig
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Lou Osternig
Art
Science
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Brand

• Clinical tests are used to
• Diagnosis distinguish between diseases
• Assessment/evaluation determine severity
• Select among treatment options
• Predict prognosis

Can biomechanical instrumentation improve these
tests?
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It takes the speed of a technological
breakthrough to capture the speed of the horse so
that like a machine it can be understood, and
this speed is not a change in degree, but a
change in kind, a speedup that takes humanity
across the threshold into a new world of
knowledge and representation. Solnit, Rebecca
(2003). River of Shadows Eadweard Muybridge and
the technological wild west. p 179.
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Osternig
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Evidence based intervention
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Osternig
Lets look at ankle stabilizers.
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Ankle Sprain
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Support Sprain Rate
Garrick Requa (1973)
Increasing support
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Linus Pauling
When an old and distinguished person speaks to
you, listen to him carefully and with
respect--but do not believe him. Never put your
trust in anything but your own intellect. Your
elder, no matter whether he has gray hair or has
lost his hair, no matter whether he is a Nobel
Laureate, may be wrong...So you must always be
skeptical--always think for yourself
visionary of science and a prophet of humanity
Nobel Prize for Chemistry 1954 Nobel Peace
Prize 1962
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Possible stabilizing mechanisms

• Controls joint angle at contact
• Increases muscle activation
• Reinforce the ligament
• Increases resistance to motion
• Brace redistributes load
• absorbs energy to increase safety margin at the
  joint

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Konradsen et al (1997)
substantial stress to lateral ligaments

• Inversion 40o

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Inversion ROM with activity after taping
At all times, inversion gt 25º from than anatomic
limit.
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Conclusion
Ankle protection lost after 20 minutes since
measured ROM returns to unsupported values
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James G. Garrick and Ralph K. Requa Role of
external support in the prevention of ankle
sprains Medicine and Science in Sports 1973
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Effective Ankle Support
Restriction only if the limit to ROM will be
exceeded
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Inversion ROM with activity after taping
At all times, inversion gt 25º from than anatomic
limit.
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Kareem Abdul Jabbar Theory
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Kareem Abdul Jabbar Theory
Your skeletal system was built to absorb shock.
If you bind your ankles, the stress is going to
get transferred to the next available joint--your
knee
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Week One Readings
Norman, R. W. K. How to use biomechanical
knowledge. In How to be an effective coach,
Vol., Taylor, J. W. (Ed.). Toronto Manufacturers
Life Insurance Company the Coaching Association
of Canada, 1975, pp. 92-111.   Stothart, P. What
Biomechanics Has to Offer the Coach. Coaching
Science Update 29-31, 1980-81.   Hart, D. L.,
W. R. Poston, and J. F. Perry. Critically Reading
a Research Article. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther.
272-76, 1980.   Watson, J. (1980) How to Read
a Scientific Article.   Hoffman, S. J. The
contribution of biomechanics to clinical
competence A view from the gymnasium. In
Proceedings 2nd National Symposium on Teaching
Kinesiology and Biomechanics in Sports, Vol.,
Shapiro, R. and J. R. Marett (Eds.). Reston, VA
NASPE, 1984, pp. 67-70.   Osternig, L. R.
Research in athletic training the missing
ingredient. Athletic Training 23223-225,
1988.   Brand, R. A. Can biomechanics contribute
to clinical orthopaedic assessments? Iowa Ortho.
J. 961-64, 1988.   Winter, D. A. (1989)
Integrated Biomechanics.   Knutzen, K. M. and L.
Martin. Using biomechanics to explore children's
movement. Pediatr. Exerc. Sci. 14222-247, 2002.
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Why we measure what we do.
Winter, 1989
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Reading Research
  Hart, D. L., W. R. Poston, and J. F. Perry.
Critically Reading a Research Article. J. Orthop.
Sports Phys. Ther. 272-76, 1980.   Watson, J.
(1980) How to Read a Scientific Article.  
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Reading Research

• Read the abstract set your expectations
• Look at the pictures (figures, graphs)
• synthesize with the abstract
• Refer to the methods
• describe how measures were made and who they were
  made on.
• Lets get critical
• are conclusions supported by the results
• are results valid (based on methods)
• Read the introduction
• Note how PURPOSE builds from the literature
• Read the discussion (Casa, 2001)
• Integrate, interpret, implications, identify,
  ideas

   
Reflect. Reread. Reflect some more.
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For next week

• Research on landings, 2 papers
• DeVita Skelly
• McCaw Cerullo