Hybrid Cars: How have they improved since introduction?

1
Hybrid Cars How have they improved since
introduction?

• Aron Geelan
• Adam Kirkpatrick

2
Introduction

• Definitions
• Electric vs. Internal Combustion
• Timeline for Hybrid technology development
• The Batteries
• Study Insight vs. Prius
• The Future

3
Definitions

• Combustion vs. Electric (http//auto.howstuffworks
  .com/hybrid-car1.htm)
• Parallel vs. Series Hybrid (http//auto.howstuffwo
  rks.com/hybrid-car2.htm)
• Honda Insight
• Toyota Prius
• Full Hybrid
• Mild Hybrid
• Stop/Start Hybrid
• Integrated Starter Alternator with Damping (ISAD)
  
• Integrated Motor Assist (IMA)
• Plug-in Hybrid

4
Electric Motor

• Lots of torque
• Zero emissions
• Tax breaks
• No transmission needed
• Starts more efficiently
• Can turn off motor when you stop

5
Gasoline

• Higher energy density than batteries
• 1,000 pounds of batteries 1 gallon (7 pounds)
  of gas
• Cheaper initial cost for car
• Hybrids are 3500-5000 more
• Reliable, more history

6
Cost Per Mile Electric vs. Gas
7
Timeline

• 1839 First electric vehicle
• 1886 Electric powered taxicab in England
• 1890-1910 Significant improvements in battery
  technology (lead-acid, nickel-iron)
• 1898 Ferdinand Porsche built a hybrid

8
Timeline

• 1900 Pieper introduced hybrid
• 1905 Gas-Electric car
• 1970s Arab oil embargo hybrid VW Taxi
• 1979 hybrid car built with lawnmower engine
• 1991 US Advanced Battery Consortium launched
  major program to produce super battery

9
Timeline

• 1997 Toyota Prius available in Japan
• 1999 Honda Insight released in US (70 mpg)
• 2000 Toyota Prius available in US
• 2002 Honda Civic Hybrid introduced
• 2004 Toyota Prius II introduced Ford Escape
  Hybrid introduced

10
The Batteries Behind It All

• Early Prius and Insight NiMH D Cells
• Stick Arrangement

• (http//www.peve.panasonic.co.jp/catalog/e_maru.ht
  ml)

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Prismatic Ni-MH

• 15 pack volume reduction
• 25 pack weight reduction
• Less battery module per pack number

12
Metal Case Prismatic Ni-MH

• Improvement
• 14 less volume
• 40 higher cooling

(http//www.peve.panasonic.co.jp/catalog/e_kinnzok
u.html)
13
ECU

• Electronic Control Unit
• Regulates temperature and state of charge
• Ensures safe and reliable driving

http//www.peve.panasonic.co.jp/catalog/e_bms.html
14
Study Battery Usage and Thermal Performance of
Prius and Insight

• Honda Insight vs. Toyota Prius

15
Charge, Discharge and SOC

• http//www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/31306.pdf

16
Battery Energy and Battery Temperatures
17
Hybrid Cars Today

• Table 1. Light-Duty Hybrid Electric Vehicles
• OEM Model Body Style Power Type Fuel Date
  Introduced/Announced Production Date
• Currently in Production
• DaimlerChrysler Ram Pickup Contractor Special
  Truck Mild Hybrid Diesel Nov-00 2004
  (Limited)
• Ford Escape SUV Hybrid Gasoline Jan-01 2004
  
• General Motors Silverado/Sierra Truck Mild
  Hybrid Gasoline Jan-01 2004 (Limited)
• Honda Accord Sedan IMA1 Hybrid Gasoline
  Jan-04 2005
• Honda Insight Coupe IMA1 Hybrid Gasoline
  Dec-99 2000
• Honda Civic Sedan IMA1 Hybrid Gasoline
  Jan-00 2002
• Lexus RX400h SUV Hybrid Gasoline Jan-03
  2005
• Toyota Prius Sedan Parallel Hybrid Gasoline
  Jun-00 2000
• Toyota Highlander SUV Hybrid Gasoline Jan-04
  2005
• Suzuki Twin Mini Hybrid Gasoline Nov-02
  2003 (Japan)
• Toyota Estima Minivan Parallel Hybrid
  Gasoline Jun-01 In Japan Only
• Toyota Crown Sedan Mild Hybrid Gasoline
  Aug-01 In Japan Only
• Toyota Alphard Minivan Hybrid Gasoline
  Jul-03 In Japan Only
• Planned for Production
• Ford Fusion Sedan Full Hybrid Gasoline
  Apr-03 2006
• General Motors Silverado/Sierra Tahoe/Yukon
  Truck SUV Strong Hybrid Gasoline Nov-03
  2007

18
Future of Hybrid

• Hybrid buses
• 1,000 in use
• Seattle
• California
• Tax Break Increase

19
Future of Hybrid Cars
Toyota Volta
3.3 liter V6 gas engine
408 horsepower
30 miles per gallon
Toyota Hybrid Sports Car
20
Summary

• Definitions
• Electric vs. Internal Combustion
• Timeline for Hybrid technology development
• The Batteries
• Study Insight vs. Prius
• The Future